Trial reportBMC public health2021
Family planning use and correlates among female sex workers in a community empowerment HIV prevention intervention in Iringa, Tanzania: a case for tailored programming.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02281578 (Community-based Combination HIV Prevention in Tanzanian Women at Heightened Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Community-based Combination HIV Prevention in Tanzanian Women at Heightened Risk
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual contraceptive use among female sex workers in high HIV-burden settings in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Health inequities faced by sex workers.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Review
- A Scoping review of communication strategies and interventions to deliver sexual and reproductive health information among female sex workers.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Young female sex workers lived experiences of selling sex and accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Tanzania: implications for HIV prevention.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of pregnancy, unintended pregnancy, poor pregnancy outcome and its associated factors among female sex workers in Cameroon.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Emergency Contraceptives Use Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Study.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual contraceptive use and associated factors among female sex workers in Gulu City, Uganda in 2023.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Maternal health and maternal health service utilization among female sex workers: A scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFemale sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa face high unmet need for family planning and higher risk for unintended pregnancy. Community empowerment HIV prevention approaches have the potential to increase family planning uptake and present an opportunity to integrate HIV, reproductive health, and contraception. This article describes family planning use and pregnancy among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania and evaluates whether engagement in a community empowerment HIV prevention program is associated with contraceptive use.
methodsThis study consists of secondary analysis from a two-community randomized controlled trial following a longitudinal cohort over 18 months. We implemented a year-long community empowerment intervention consisting of 1) a community-led drop-in-center; 2) venue-based peer education, condom distribution, and HIV testing; 3) peer service navigation; 4) sensitivity trainings for providers and police; and 5) text messages to promote engagement. Additionally, monthly seminars were held at the drop-in-center, one of which focused on family planning. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between program exposure and family planning use in the intervention arm. (Trials Registration NCT02281578, Nov 2, 2014.)
resultsAmong the 339 participants with follow-up data on family planning, 60% reported current family planning use; 6% reported dual use of modern contraception and condoms; over 90% had living children; and 85% sought antenatal care at their most recent pregnancy. Among the 185 participants in the intervention arm, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of family planning use among female sex workers who reported ever attending the Shikamana drop-in-center and among female sex workers who reported attending a family planning-related workshop was respectively 26% (aRR 1.26 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-1.56]) and 36% (aRR 1.36 [95%CI: 1.13-1.64) higher than among those who had not attended.
conclusionThere is a clear need for family planning among this population. General program exposure and exposure to a family planning workshop were associated with higher family planning use, which suggests that community empowerment models have potential to increase family planning uptake for this vulnerable group.
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Registered trials
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