ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The epidemiology of maternal mental health in Africa: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal Maternal Psychological Stress (PMPS) and Its Effect on the Maternal and Neonatal Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparison of maternal-fetal attachment, anxiety, depression, and prevalence of intimate partner violence in Iranian women with intended and unintended pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Wellbeing and illbeing in women exposed to physical and sexual violence during peripregnancy: a population-based longitudinal study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Risk factors of positive depression screening during the third trimester of pregnancy in a Chinese tertiary hospital: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Risk factors & perinatal outcomes of major depression during pregnancy: A population-based study during 2010-2020 in two major cities of Pakistan.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Maternal mental health: Women's voices and data from across the globe.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-10-11Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance · Objections by Author(s) ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.
methodsThis was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients' feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression.
resultsWe recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders.
conclusionThere was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.
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