ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2021
Sex determination without sex chromosomes.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A single-point mutation in TRPA1 drives heat resilience in oviparous embryos.Science advances · 2026Article
- Maternal inheritance of primary sex ratios in the dark-winged fungus gnat Lycoriella ingenua.Heredity · 2026Article
- Navigating the Semantic Labyrinth of "Sex" in the Study of Reproductive Trait Evolution.Integrative and comparative biology · 2026Article
- A Y-linked duplication of anti-Mullerian hormone is the sex determination gene in threespine stickleback.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- A detailed transcriptome study uncovers the epigenetic characteristics associated with Aromatase inhibitor-induced masculinization in Takifugu rubripes larvae gonads.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Estrogen receptor and temperature independently influence sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Responsiveness to cold snaps by turtle embryos depends on exposure timing and duration.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Overexpression ofZoological research · 2024Article
- pSTAT3 activation ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Crocodilians and Climate Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- An epigenetic toolbox for conservation biologists.Evolutionary applications · 2024Article
- Five questions on how biochemistry can combat climate change.BBA advances · 2023Article
- Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns harbour signatures of hatchling sex and past incubation temperature in a species with environmental sex determination.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- Tenuous Transcriptional Threshold of Human Sex Determination. I. SRY and Swyer Syndrome at the Edge of Ambiguity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Sex chromosome evolution among amniotes: is the origin of sex chromosomes non-random?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Expanding the classical paradigm: what we have learnt from vertebrates about sex chromosome evolution.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms in sex determination and in the evolutionary transitions between sexual systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Preface.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- A brief review of vertebrate sex evolution with a pledge for integrative research: towards 'Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
With or without sex chromosomes, sex determination is a synthesis of many molecular events that drives a community of cells towards a coordinated tissue fate. In this review, we will consider how a sex determination pathway can be engaged and stabilized without an inherited genetic determinant. In many reptilian species, no sex chromosomes have been identified, yet a conserved network of gene expression is initiated. Recent studies propose that epigenetic regulation mediates the effects of temperature on these genes through dynamic post-transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic pathways. It is likely that there is no singular regulator of sex determination, but rather an accumulation of molecular events that shift the scales towards one fate over another until a threshold is reached sufficient to maintain and stabilize one pathway and repress the alternative pathway. Investigations into the mechanism underlying sex determination without sex chromosomes should focus on cellular processes that are frequently activated by multiple stimuli or can synthesize multiple inputs and drive a coordinated response. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part I)'.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.