The combined chemical and mechanical modifications of cigarette: a novel methodology to reduce harmful effects.

Without hindering the taste, making a cigarette less harmful by reducing the percentage of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in the smoke of the cigarette is a challenging task for the current generation of researchers. In the current work, by implementing mechanical, chemical and combined modification techniques, the above stated is tried to mitigate. In addition to the above, the optimum suction pressure, burning time and the number of puffing are also determined. Mechanical modification technique considers filter to cigarette ratio and filter design as the controlling parameters. The mathematical calculation reveals that puffing should stop when the cigarette length reaches 0.15 times of its original length. Furthermore, it is also identified that the concentrations of suspended solids and droplets in the smoke decrease significantly (separation efficiency = 56.81%) if the cigarette to filter ratio is maintained at 2.32. In case of chemical modification, by using various types of adsorbents such as charcoal and Zeolite 13X, the harmful effects are further reduced. These processes depict significant reduction in harmful effect (separation efficiency up to 62.1%) by showing the decrement in the suspended solids and droplets in the smoke due to the adsorption on the active sites of adsorbents. In case of combined modification, the achieved separation efficiency is 66.51%. For the experimentation, an experimental setup fitted with artificial lungs was used.