Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34247231›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2021

Diploidy within a Haploid Genus of Entomopathogenic Fungi.

Knud Nor Nielsen, João Felipe Moreira Salgado, Myrsini Eirini Natsopoulou, Thea Kristensen, Jason E Stajich, Henrik H De Fine Licht

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Phylogenetic Reclassification ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  2. Comparative genomics of the extremophileFrontiers in fungal biology · 2024
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Knud Nor NielsenSection for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-5777-1485
João Felipe Moreira SalgadoDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0236-0873
Myrsini Eirini NatsopoulouSection for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Thea KristensenSection for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Jason E StajichDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-0020
Henrik H De Fine LichtSection for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
University of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of California, Riverside · US

Funding

Acquisition of a Scalable Storage Cluster for Data Intensive NIH ResearchS10OD016290 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI GIRKE, THOMAS · 2014 to 2014
$593k
NIH HHS S10 OD016290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fungi in the genus Metarhizium are soil-borne plant-root endophytes and rhizosphere colonizers, but also potent insect pathogens with highly variable host ranges. These ascomycete fungi are predominantly asexually reproducing and ancestrally haploid, but two independent origins of persistent diploidy within the Coleoptera-infecting Metarhizium majus species complex are known and has been attributed to incomplete chromosomal segregation following meiosis during the sexual cycle. There is also evidence for infrequent sexual cycles in the locust-specific pathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), which is an important entomopathogenic biocontrol agent used for the control of grasshoppers in agricultural systems as an alternative to chemical control. Here, we show that the genome of the M. acridum isolate ARSEF 324, which is formulated and commercially utilized is functionally diploid. We used single-molecule real-time sequencing technology to complete a high-quality assembly of ARSEF 324. K-mer frequencies, intragenomic collinearity between contigs and single nucleotide variant read depths across the genome revealed the first incidence of diploidy described within the species M. acridum. The haploid assembly of 44.7 Mb consisted of 20.8% repetitive elements, which is the highest proportion described of any Metarhizium species. The long-read diploid genome assembly sheds light on past research on this strain, such as unusual high UVB tolerance. The data presented here could fuel future investigation into the fitness landscape of fungi with infrequent sexual reproduction and aberrant ploidy levels, not least in the context of biocontrol agents.

Indexed as

GrasshoppersHypocrealesAnimalsDiploidyHaploidyInsectaascomyceteentomopathogengenome duplicationMetarhiziumparasexualploidy

Identifiers

PMID34247231
PMCPMC8325562
OpenAlexW3179440038

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.