ArticleBrazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)
Comparative study between suprasternal and apical windows: a user-friendly cardiac output measurement for the anesthesiologist.
Article in Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of preload responsiveness by variation in peak aortic flow velocity in suprasternal window: A novel approach.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Automated measurement of left ventricular ejection time via contactless suprasternal notch laser vibrometry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A modified subcostal view: a novel method for measuring the LVOT VTI.Journal of ultrasound · 2023Observational
- Hands-free continuous transthoracic echocardiography and transcranial Doppler using a 3D-printed transducer holder connected to a hydraulic arm.Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)Article
- Point-Of-Care Cardiac Ultrasound: is it time for anesthesiologists to embrace and achieve competence?Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionTransthoracic echocardiography is a safe and readily available tool for noninvasive monitoring of Cardiac Output (CO). The use of the suprasternal window situated at the sternal notch can be an alternative approach for estimating blood flow. The present study aimed to compare two methods of CO calculation. We compared the descending aorta Velocity-Time Integral (VTI) measurement from the suprasternal window view with the standard technique to determine CO that uses VTI measurements from the LVOT (Left Ventricular Outflow Tract) view. We also aimed to find out whether after basic training a non-echocardiographer operator can obtain reproducible measurements of VTI using this approach.
methodsIn the first part of the study, 26 patients without known cardiovascular diseases were evaluated and VTI data were acquired from the suprasternal window by a non-echocardiographer and an echocardiographer. Next, 17 patients were evaluated by an echocardiographer only and VTI and CO measurements were obtained from suprasternal and apical windows. Data were analyzed using the Bland and Altman method (BA), correlation and regression.
resultsWe found a strong correlation between measurements obtained by a non-expert and an expert echocardiographer and detected that an inexperienced trainee can acquire VTI measurements from the suprasternal window view. Regarding agreement between CO measurements, data obtained showed a positive correlation and the Bland and Altman analysis presented a total variation of 38.9%.
conclusionRegarding accuracy, it is likely that TTE (Transthoracic Echocardiogram) measurements of CO from the suprasternal window view are comparable to other minimally invasive techniques currently available. Due to its user-friendliness and low cost, it can be a convenient technique for obtaining perioperative hemodynamic measurements, even by inexperienced operators.
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