Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34246657›Full record

ArticleKidney international2021

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate mitigates the senescence response of glomerular podocytes to diabetic insults.

Yudong Fang, Bohan Chen, Athena Y Gong, Deepak K Malhotra, Rajesh Gupta, Lance D Dworkin, Rujun Gong

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Kidney international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  4. Deciphering the impact ofGenes & diseases · 2026
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  10. Lifestyles, metabolome and diabetic kidney disease: a cohort study.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026
    Article
  11. Ketone Body Supplementation Exerts Renoprotective Effects Against Adenine-Induced Kidney Injury via OXCT1-Mediated Ketolysis in Mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
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31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Yudong FangDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Bohan ChenDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Athena Y GongDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Deepak K MalhotraDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Rajesh GuptaDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Lance D DworkinDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Rujun GongDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA. Electronic address: Rujun.Gong@UToledo.edu.
University of Toledo · USRhode Island Hospital · USUniversity of Toledo Medical Center · US

Funding

Therapeutic targeting of GSK3beta: A novel approach for podocyte protectionR01DK092485 · NIDDK · RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL · PI GONG, RUJUN · 2011 to 2015
$1.8M
The Melanocortinergic pathway inglomerular diseaseR01DK114006 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI GONG, RUJUN · 2017 to 2021
$1.8M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK092485NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK114006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is clinically featured by progressive albuminuria, consequent to glomerular destruction that involves podocyte senescence. Burgeoning evidence suggests that ketosis, in particular β-hydroxybutyrate, exerts a beneficial effect on aging and on myriad metabolic or chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney diseases. Its effect on DKD is largely unknown. In vitro in podocytes exposed to a diabetic milieu, β-hydroxybutyrate treatment substantially mitigated cellular senescence and injury, as evidenced by reduced formation of γH2AX foci, reduced staining for senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, diminished expression of key mediators of senescence signaling like p16

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic NephropathiesPodocytes3-Hydroxybutyric AcidAlbuminuriaAnimalsGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaKidney GlomerulusMice3-Hydroxybutyric AcidGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaagingdiabetic nephropathyGSK3βintermittent fastingketosisNrf2 antioxidant responsetime-restricted feeding

Identifiers

PMID34246657
PMCPMC8889914
OpenAlexW3177554168

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.