ArticleNeuroImage2021
The immediate impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on brain structure: Short-term neuroplasticity following one session of cTBS.
Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research hotspots and trends of acupuncture regulating neuroplasticity: a bibliometric analysis from 2005 to 2024.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Targeting Brain Regions Identified Through Voxel-Based Morphometry on One-Legged Standing Balance With Eyes Closed.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- A Critical Time Window of Neocortex Modulation for Remote Fear Memory in Rats and Humans.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation enhances semantic memory by modulating brain morphology, neurochemistry and neural dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Plasticity-Induced Motor Recovery of Bilateral Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Effects of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Attention to Emotional Stimuli: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Supplementary motor area enhanced hemodynamic responses to loading after inhibitory cTBS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Case Report: Application of accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation in treatment-resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Application of a novel three-day repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in dogs: single-blinded randomised sham-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Improvements in Sleep Quality in Patients With Major Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Treated With Individualized, Parcel-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a countermeasure for behavioral and neuropsychological risks of long-duration and deep-space missions.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- Switching off: disruptive TMS reveals distinct contributions of the posterior middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus to bilingual speech production.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Theta burst stimulation on the fronto-cerebellar connective network promotes cognitive processing speed in the simple cognitive task.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation on the Left Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus Perturbs Complex Syntactic Processing Stability in Mandarin Chinese.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Immediate effect of quadri-pulse stimulation on human brain microstructures and functions.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Increased cerebellar vermis volume following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy: a voxel-based morphometry study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Rewiring the disordered connectome with circuit-based paired stimulation after stroke-a randomized, double-blind and controlled Phase II trial.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Distinct parallel activation and interaction between dorsal and ventral pathways during phonological and semantic processing: A cTBS-fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Personalized, parcel-guided rTMS for the treatment of major depressive disorder: Safety and proof of concept.Brain and behavior · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that activation-dependent neuroplasticity on a structural level can occur in a short time (2 hour or less) in the human brain. However, the exact time scale of structural plasticity in the human brain remains unclear. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we investigated changes in grey matter (GM) after one session of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) delivered to the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). Twenty-five participants received cTBS over the left ATL or the occipital pole as a control site outside of the scanner, followed by structural and functional imaging. During functional imaging, participants performed a semantic association task and a number judgment task as a control task. VBM results revealed decreased GM in the left ATL and right cerebellum after the ATL stimulation compared to the control stimulation. In addition, cTBS over the left ATL induced slower semantic reaction times, reduced regional activity at the target site, and altered functional connectivity between the left and right ATL during semantic processing. Furthermore, the decreased ATL GM density was associated with the interhemispheric ATL-connectivity changes after the ATL stimulation. These results demonstrate that structural alterations caused by one session of cTBS are mirrored in the functional reorganizations in the semantic representation system, showing the rapid dynamics of cortical plasticity. Our findings support fast adapting neuronal plasticity such as synaptic morphology changes. Our results suggest that TBS is able to produce powerful changes in regional synaptic activity in the adult human brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.