ArticleNeurosurgery2021
Long-Term Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Article in Neurosurgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Analgesia: Preliminary Observations of Appetite and Weight Changes After Spinal Cord Stimulation.Cureus · 2026Article
- Long-term outcomes of spinal cord stimulation for refractory phantom limb pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychometric and Molecular Profiling to Predict Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Review
- Predictive Factors of Successful Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy in a Patient With a Pre-existing Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulator: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- The actual duration of spinal cord stimulator use in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a Korean nationwide cohort study.The Korean journal of pain · 2025Article
- Real-World Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Consecutive Institutional Experience with 505 Trials, Trial-to-Implant Ratio, Long-Term Efficacy, and Explantation Risk Factors.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Precision Pain Management in Interventional Radiology: A Systematic Review :.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- A brief review of complex regional pain syndrome and current management.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- Correlating Evoked Electromyography and Anatomic Factors During Spinal Cord Stimulation Implantation With Short-Term Outcomes.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2024Article
- Machine Learning in Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain.Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Neuropathic Pain in Spine Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in chronic neuropathic pain, but its efficacy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) needs to be proven.
objectiveTo study the outcome of SCS in CRPS as measured by trial success, explantation rate, complications, and changes in opioid and neuropathic pain medication use over a 4-yr follow-up.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all medical records of 35 consecutive CRPS patients who underwent SCS trials at 2 hospitals during January 1998 to December 2016. The purchase data of opioids and neuropathic pain medication during January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries.
resultsBased on a 1-wk trial, permanent SCS was implanted in 27 (77%) patients. During the median follow-up of 8 yr, 8 (30%) SCS devices were explanted, of which 7 were because of inefficient pain relief. Complications leading to revision occurred in 17 (63%) patients: 8 electrode migrations or stimulation to the wrong area, 1 deep infection, 9 hardware malfunctions, 2 pulse generator discomforts, and 2 SCS replacements. None of the 6 patients using strong opioids discontinued their use during the 2-yr follow-up. The mean opioid dose increased nonsignificantly both in patients with SCS in permanent use (53 ± 150 morphine milligram equivalents morphine milligram equivalent (MME)/day to 120 ± 240 MME/day) and in patients who had SCS explanted (27 ± 72 MME/day to 57 ± 66 MME/day).
conclusionDespite the fact that CRPS patients were not able to discontinue or reduce their strong opioid or neuropathic pain medication use, 70% continued to use their SCS device during a median 8-yr follow-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.