Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34245079›Full record

ArticleCellular microbiology2021

Candidalysin delivery to the invasion pocket is critical for host epithelial damage induced by Candida albicans.

Selene Mogavero, Frank M Sauer, Sascha Brunke, Stefanie Allert, Daniela Schulz, Stephanie Wisgott, Nadja Jablonowski, Osama Elshafee, Thomas Krüger, Olaf Kniemeyer and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cellular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. mBio · 2026
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  16. microLife · 2026
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  19. Synergistic interactions betweenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Selene MogaveroDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0642-0068
Frank M SauerQVQ B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9233-1207
Sascha BrunkeDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7740-4570
Stefanie AllertDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Daniela SchulzDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Stephanie WisgottDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Nadja JablonowskiDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Osama ElshafeeDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Thomas KrügerDepartment of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Olaf KniemeyerDepartment of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Axel A BrakhageDepartment of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Julian R NaglikCentre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8072-7917
Edward DolkQVQ B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Bernhard HubeDepartment of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6028-0425
Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Knöll-Institut (HKI) · DEQserve Group (Netherlands) · NLKing's College London · GB

Funding

Host and Fungal Regulation of Type 17 Immunity to Oral CandidiasisR37DE022550 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Sarah L Gaffen · 2017 to 2026
$5.6M
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 210879364Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft EXC 2051 - PROJECT-ID 390713860NIDCR NIH HHS R37 DE022550NIH Research at Guys and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and the King's College London Biomedical Research IS-BRC-1215-20006Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 214229_Z_18_ZWellcome Trust 214229_Z_18_Z and 215599_Z_19_ZWellcome Trust 215599_Z_19_Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans is a frequent cause of mucosal infections. Although the ability to transition from the yeast to the hypha morphology is essential for virulence, hypha formation and host cell invasion per se are not sufficient for the induction of epithelial damage. Rather, the hypha-associated peptide toxin, candidalysin, a product of the Ece1 polyprotein, is the critical damaging factor. While synthetic, exogenously added candidalysin is sufficient to damage epithelial cells, the level of damage does not reach the same level as invading C. albicans hyphae. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combination of fungal attributes is required to deliver candidalysin to the invasion pocket to enable the full damaging potential of C. albicans during infection. Utilising a panel of C. albicans mutants with known virulence defects, we demonstrate that the full damage potential of C. albicans requires the coordinated delivery of candidalysin to the invasion pocket. This process requires appropriate epithelial adhesion, hyphal extension and invasion, high levels of ECE1 transcription, proper Ece1 processing and secretion of candidalysin. To confirm candidalysin delivery, we generated camelid V

Indexed as

Candida albicansFungal ProteinsHumansHyphaeVirulenceECE1 protein, Candida albicansFungal ProteinsCandida albicanscandidalysinhyphal formationpathogenicity mechanismsvirulence

Identifiers

PMID34245079
PMCPMC8460606
OpenAlexW3182819612

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.