Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34245055›Full record

SynthesisJournal of sleep research2022

Gender-specific estimates of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zainab Alimoradi, David Gozal, Hector W H Tsang, Chung-Ying Lin, Anders Broström, Maurice M Ohayon, Amir H Pakpour

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of sleep research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker's mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
    Pooled it
  10. Clinical and subthreshold insomnia in U.S. veterans: increasing prevalence and mental health burden.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zainab AlimoradiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
David GozalDepartment of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
Hector W H TsangDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Chung-Ying LinInstitute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-4242
Anders BroströmDepartment of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-0619
Maurice M OhayonStanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Amir H PakpourSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-5345

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed lifestyles worldwide and subsequently induced individuals' sleep problems. Sleep problems have been demonstrated by scattered evidence among the current literature on COVID-19; however, little is known regarding the synthesised prevalence of sleep problems (i.e. insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality) for males and females separately. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the important question regarding prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 outbreak period between genders. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist, relevant studies with satisfactory methodological quality searched for in five academic databases (Scopus, PubMed Central, ProQuest, Web of Science , and EMBASE) were included and analysed. The protocol of the project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; identification code CRD42020181644). A total of 54 papers (N = 67,722) in the female subgroup and 45 papers (N = 45,718) in the male subgroup were pooled in the meta-analysis. The corrected pooled estimated prevalence of sleep problems was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19%-29%) for female participants and 27% (95% CI 24%-30%) for male participants. Although in both gender subgroups, patients with COVID-19, health professionals and general population showed the highest prevalence of sleep problems, it did not reach statistical significance. Based on multivariable meta-regression, both gender groups had higher prevalence of sleep problems during the lockdown period. Therefore, healthcare providers should pay attention to the sleep problems and take appropriate preventive action.

Indexed as

COVID-19Sleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersCommunicable Disease ControlFemaleHumansMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2Sleep QualityCOVID-19genderinsomniaprevalencesleep

Identifiers

PMID34245055
PMCPMC8420603

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.