Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34245012›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2021

Multitask 3D CBCT-to-CT translation and organs-at-risk segmentation using physics-based data augmentation.

Navdeep Dahiya, Sadegh R Alam, Pengpeng Zhang, Si-Yuan Zhang, Tianfang Li, Anthony Yezzi, Saad Nadeem

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

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0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  8. Deep Learning for CT Synthesis in Radiotherapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  9. Artificial intelligence for treatment delivery: image-guided radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. SinoSynth: A Physics-Based Domain Randomization Approach for Generalizable CBCT Image Enhancement.Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention · 2024
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  19. Improving CBCT image quality to the CT level using RegGAN in esophageal cancer adaptive radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Navdeep DahiyaDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sadegh R AlamDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Pengpeng ZhangDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Si-Yuan ZhangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China.
Tianfang LiDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Anthony YezziDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Saad NadeemDepartment of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Quantification of myocardial blood flow using Dynamic PET/CTA fused imagery to determine physiological significance of specific coronary lesionsR01HL143350 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI PICCINELLI, MARINA · 2018 to 2021
$2.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL143350
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIn current clinical practice, noisy and artifact-ridden weekly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are only used for patient setup during radiotherapy. Treatment planning is performed once at the beginning of the treatment using high-quality planning CT (pCT) images and manual contours for organs-at-risk (OARs) structures. If the quality of the weekly CBCT images can be improved while simultaneously segmenting OAR structures, this can provide critical information for adapting radiotherapy mid-treatment as well as for deriving biomarkers for treatment response.

methodsUsing a novel physics-based data augmentation strategy, we synthesize a large dataset of perfectly/inherently registered pCT and synthetic-CBCT pairs for locally advanced lung cancer patient cohort, which are then used in a multitask three-dimensional (3D) deep learning framework to simultaneously segment and translate real weekly CBCT images to high-quality pCT-like images.

resultsWe compared the synthetic CT and OAR segmentations generated by the model to real pCT and manual OAR segmentations and showed promising results. The real week 1 (baseline) CBCT images which had an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 162.77 HU compared to pCT images are translated to synthetic CT images that exhibit a drastically improved average MAE of 29.31 HU and average structural similarity of 92% with the pCT images. The average DICE scores of the 3D OARs segmentations are: lungs 0.96, heart 0.88, spinal cord 0.83, and esophagus 0.66.

conclusionsWe demonstrate an approach to translate artifact-ridden CBCT images to high-quality synthetic CT images, while simultaneously generating good quality segmentation masks for different OARs. This approach could allow clinicians to adjust treatment plans using only the routine low-quality CBCT images, potentially improving patient outcomes. Our code, data, and pre-trained models will be made available via our physics-based data augmentation library, Physics-ArX, at https://github.com/nadeemlab/Physics-ArX.

Indexed as

Spiral Cone-Beam Computed TomographyCone-Beam Computed TomographyHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedOrgans at RiskPhysicsRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted3D CBCT-to-CT translationOARs segmentation

Identifiers

PMID34245012
PMCPMC8455439

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.