ReviewBrazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2021
Pig vaccination strategies based on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins.
Review in Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Goat Bile Acid and Clostridium butyricum Exert a Synergistic Effect in Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy Against Diarrhea Induced by Escherichia coli Infection.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Emergence of Escherichia coli Hybrid Pathotype ETEC/STEC: A Macroepidemiological Approach of Molecular Characterization in the United States Swine Population.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Research progress on multivalent genetically engineered vaccines against enterotoxigenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of EnterotoxigenicFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genome Sequencing and Assembly of EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- RecombinantApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- A novel circular RNA circ_0020647 promotes ETEC-induced IPEC-J2 cell pyroptosis via the ssc-miR-185/BRD4 axis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Impact of virulence genes and pathotypes of intestinal pathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Heat-stable enterotoxin induced apoptosis in small intestine epithelial cells via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Phage Therapy in Ameliorating ETEC-Induced Diarrhea in Mice Models.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Challenges and Considerations in Selecting Animal Models for Evaluating a Live, Cold-Chain-Free, Dual-Use Vaccine (MyChol) for Diarrhoeal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- Metallo-Glycodendrimeric Materials against EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Application of Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Live Vector Oral Vaccine in the Prevention of F4+ EnterotoxigenicVaccines · 2024Article
- Secretory IgA-ETEC F5 Immune Complexes Promote Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Prime T Cell Proliferation in the Mouse Intestine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Detection of EnterotoxigenicLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tobacco Seed-Based Oral Vaccination against Verocytotoxic O138Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- The Diversity ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Changyanning regulates gut microbiota and metabolism to ameliorate intestinal injury induced by ETEC K88.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are responsible for diarrhea in humans as well as in farm animals. ETEC infections in newborn, suckling, and especially in post-weaning piglets are associated with reduced growth rate, morbidity, and mortality. ETEC express virulence factors as adhesin and enterotoxins that play a central role in the pathogenic process. Adhesins associated with pigs are of diverse type being either fimbrial or non-fimbrial. Enterotoxins belong to two groups: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST). Heterogeneity of ETEC strains encompass expression of various fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41) and enterotoxins (LT, STa, STb, and EAST1). In the late years, attempts to immunize animals against neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea were focused on the development of anti-adhesin strategies as this is the initial step of ETEC pathogenesis. Although those vaccines demonstrated some protection against ETEC infections, as enterotoxins are pivotal to the virulence of ETEC, a new generation of vaccinal molecules, which include adhesin and one or more enterotoxins, were recently tested. Some of these newly developed chimeric fusion proteins are intended to control as well human diarrhea as enterotoxins are more or less common with the ones found in pigs. As these could not be tested in the natural host (human), either a mouse or pig model was substituted to evaluate the protection efficacy. For the advancement of pig vaccine, mice were sometimes used for preliminary testing. This review summarizes advances in the anti-enterotoxin immunization strategies considered in the last 10 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.