Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34244895›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2021

Leading cancers contributing to educational disparities in cancer mortality in the US, 2017.

Diana R Withrow, Neal D Freedman, James T Gibson, Mandi Yu, Anna M Nápoles, Amy Berrington de González, Meredith S Shiels

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diana R WithrowDivision of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. diana.withrow@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-040X
Neal D FreedmanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
James T GibsonInformation Management Services Inc, MD, USA.
Mandi YuSurveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Anna M NápolesDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute for Minority Health and Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Amy Berrington de GonzálezDivision of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Meredith S ShielsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.

Funding

Cancer Risk in Human PopulationsZIACP010136 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI PURDUE, MARK · 2009 to 2025
$36.7M
Translating Behavioral Interventions for Health Disparity PopulationsZIAMD000014 · NIMHD · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES · PI CHOI, KELVIN · 2018 to 2023
$4.8M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo inform prevention efforts, we sought to determine which cancer types contribute the most to cancer mortality disparities by individual-level education using national death certificate data for 2017.

methodsInformation on all US deaths occurring in 2017 among 25-84-year-olds was ascertained from national death certificate data, which include cause of death and educational attainment. Education was classified as high school or less (≤ 12 years), some college or diploma (13-15 years), and Bachelor's degree or higher (≥ 16 years). Cancer mortality rate differences (RD) were calculated by subtracting age-adjusted mortality rates (AMR) among those with ≥ 16 years of education from AMR among those with ≤ 12 years.

resultsThe cancer mortality rate difference between those with a Bachelor's degree or more vs. high school or less education was 72 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Lung cancer deaths account for over half (53%) of the RD for cancer mortality by education in the US.

conclusionEfforts to reduce smoking, particularly among persons with less education, would contribute substantially to reducing educational disparities in lung cancer and overall cancer mortality.

Indexed as

Lung NeoplasmsAdolescentEducational StatusHumansMortalityCancer mortalityDisparitiesEducationLung cancerRisk difference

Identifiers

PMID34244895
PMCPMC8492562

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.