Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34244708›Full record

ReviewArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2021

Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive Aging: A Targeted Review.

Laura B Zahodne

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Exploring the relationship between pain, cognition, and chronic conditions: insights from the HAALSI study in rural South Africa.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Psychosocial factors associated with perceived cognitive functioning in prostate cancer survivors: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  7. Associations between mid-life social relationships and the risk of incident dementia: The ARIC study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  8. Patterns of Perceived Control That Buffer Against Cognitive Decline in Midlife and Old Age.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Aging, Race, and Health Disparities: Recommendations From the Research Centers Collaborative Network.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Environmental Enrichment Enhances Cerebellar Compensation and Develops Cerebellar Reserve.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Laura B ZahodneDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5763-4501
University of Michigan · US

Funding

Genetic Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Factors in Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG054023 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MAYEUX, RICHARD P · 2016 to 2018
$8.9M
Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive and Brain AgingR00AG047963 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ZAHODNE, LAURA B · 2016 to 2018
$746k
NIA NIH HHS R00AG047963NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG054023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe lack of disease-modifying pharmacological agents for dementia highlights the critical importance of prevention, but known modifiable factors (e.g., education, physical health and health behaviors, depression, and social isolation) do not fully represent potential intervention targets. Positive psychosocial factors predict cognitive aging outcomes above and beyond known risk factors and may also correspond to upstream determinants that open up new avenues for prevention and intervention, as well as for reducing racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia. In this brief report, I summarize contemporary evidence for three positive psychosocial factors that appear to be particularly relevant to cognitive aging: perceived control, religious involvement, and social relations.

methodsTargeted review and synthesis of published studies.

resultsEach of the multidimensional constructs appears to contain "active ingredients" that could help to optimize cognitive aging through disparate mechanisms. Although historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups face disproportionate barriers to accessing certain psychosocial protective factors (e.g., perceived control), these same groups also exhibit naturally occurring sources of psychosocial resilience (e.g., religious involvement) that allow them to achieve better late-life cognitive health than would be otherwise expected. With regard to social relations, converging evidence from disparate studies shows that fostering late-life friendships in particular may have high potential for building cognitive reserve and promoting healthy cognitive aging.

conclusionsPositive psychosocial factors represent culturally relevant resources that, through careful research, could ultimately be harnessed to promote better cognitive aging for a growing and increasingly diverse population of older adults.

Indexed as

Cognitive AgingCognitive ReserveAgedAgingEducational StatusHumansNeuropsychological TestsProtective FactorsAlzheimer’s diseaseDementiaElderly/Geriatrics/Aging

Identifiers

PMID34244708
PMCPMC8517619
OpenAlexW3179886957

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.