SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2021
The relationship between thoracic kyphosis and age, and normative values across age groups: a systematic review of healthy adults.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Trunk Extensor Endurance Training Versus Scapular Mobilization in Patient With Thoracic Kyphosis.
Effects of Klapp Method Exercises on Pain, Posture Correction and Self-efficacy in Breast Feeding Females With Kyphotic Posture
Comparative Effect of Maitland Mobilization Combined With Kendall Exercises on Pain and Postural Alignment in Adults With Upper Cross Syndrome
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of sex estimation by morphometric evaluation of foramen magnum using computed tomography - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Pooled it
- The left-sided aortic arch variants: prevalence meta-analysis of imaging studies.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2022Pooled it
- A secondary analysis of gait after a 4-week postural intervention for older adults with hyperkyphosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Telerehabilitation with Web-Based Exercises for Individuals with Postural Problems: Digital Touch to Posture Disorders-A Randomized Controlled Study on Telerehabilitation for Postural Problems.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Posterior spinal fusion using dual rod translation: impact on kyphosis restoration in AIS.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Surface Topography for the Assessment of Spinal Alignment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Biomechanical Correlates.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life among older adults with age-related thoracic hyperkyphosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Effects of Corrective Exercises and Respiratory Biofeedback on the Kyphosis Angle and Electrical Activity of Trapezius Muscles in Male Adolescents With Kyphosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Sagittal Posture Parameters of the Spine and Exposure to Awkward Postures in Mattress Manufacture Workers: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- AI-Powered Lateral DEXA Morphometry for Integrated Evaluation of Thoracic Kyphosis and Bone Density Assessment in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comprehensive CT Assessment of Subclavian Artery Tortuosity: Implications for Optimal Radial Access Selection.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Effect of age-related hyperkyphosis on open and closed-loop postural control in older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anatomy-Based Assessment of Spinal Posture Using IMU Sensors and Machine Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How the curve morphology differs between curve types in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during brace treatment?BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Kyphosis and Postoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux After Proximal Gastrectomy.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Automated Detection of the Kyphosis Angle Using a Deep Learning Approach: A Cross-Sectional Study on Young Adults.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationship between plantar pressure distribution and sagittal spinal curvatures among handball players: A cross-sectional study.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao · 2025Article
- Morphometric Assessment of Occipital Condyles and Foramen Magnum Reveals Enhanced Sexual Dimorphism Detection via 3D Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Utilizing Classification and Regression Trees.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Using 30-s Prone Back Extension Repetition Maximum Test to Predict Concentric and Eccentric 1 Repetition Maximum Squat Strength in Young and Older Adults.Journal of aging research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThoracic kyphosis is reported to increase with ageing. However, this relationship has not been systematically investigated. Peoples' kyphosis often exceeds 40°, but 40° is the widely accepted cut-off and threshold for normality. Consequently, patients may be misclassified. Accurate restoration of kyphosis is important to avoid complications following spinal surgery. Therefore, specific reference values are needed. The objective of the review is to explore the relationship between thoracic kyphosis and age, provide normative values of kyphosis for different age groups and investigate the influence of gender and ethnicity.
methodsTwo reviewers independently conducted a literature search, including seven databases and the Spine Journal, from inception to April 2020. Quantitative observational studies on healthy adults (18 years of age or older) with no known pathologies, and measuring kyphosis with Cobb's method, a flexicurve, or a kyphometer, were included. Study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment (AQUA tool) were performed independently by two reviewers. The authors were contacted if clarifications were necessary. Correlation analysis and inferential statistics were performed (Microsoft Excel). The results are presented narratively. A modified GRADE was used for evidence quality assessment.
resultsThirty-four studies (24 moderate-quality, 10 high-quality) were included (n = 7633). A positive moderate correlation between kyphosis and age was found (Spearman 0.52, p < 0.05, T5-T12). Peoples' kyphosis resulted greater than 40° in 65% of the cases, and it was significantly smaller in individuals younger than 40 years old (x < 40) than in those older than 60 years old (x > 60) 75% of the time (p < 0.05). No differences between genders were found, although a greater kyphosis angle was observed in North Americans and Europeans.
conclusionKyphosis increases with ageing, varying significantly between x < 40 and x > 60. Furthermore, kyphosis appears to be influenced by ethnicity, but not gender. Peoples' thoracic sagittal curvature frequently exceeds 40°.
trial registrationThe review protocol was devised following the PRISMA-P Guidelines, and it was registered on PROSPERO ( CRD42020175058 ) before study commencement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.