ReviewInternational journal of nursing studies2021
Consequences of visiting restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review.
Review in International journal of nursing studies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 165 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
165 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 368 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in Federal and State Policies on Visitation Restrictions in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025Pooled it
- Research areas and trends in family-centered care in the 21st century: a bibliometric review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Implementing the MIRROR-TCM Randomised Control Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Trial
- Article
- Actual status of visitor and telephone restrictions for Japanese psychiatric inpatients: A retrospective observational study.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Visiting Hours and Visitor Numbers During the Postnatal Period: The Basis for a Patient-Centred Visiting Policy on the Postnatal Ward.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Care without co-presence: Crafting alternative modes of involvement in UK intensive care in times of COVID-19.Medical anthropology quarterly · 2026Article
- Association Between State Essential Caregiver Programs and Antipsychotic Medication Use Rate in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Caregivers as essential members of healthcare teams: lessons learned from enforcement of the "no visitors" policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The impact of different care modes on the rehabilitation efficacy of acute ischemic stroke patients.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Family interventions in dementia mental health environments (FIND ME): a mixed-methods protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Understanding the Lived Experience of Family Caregivers of Loved Ones in Long-Term Care During COVID-19 Through Art.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Perceived Use of Web-Based Videoconferencing for Social Connectedness Among Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care: Qualitative Study.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Crisis management and relational work in Swiss nursing homes during COVID-19: a qualitative multistakeholder study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Mediating Effects of Diabetes Self-Management on the Relationship Between Diabetes Distress and Quality of Life Among School-Age Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Article
- Lessons from COVID-19 patient visitation restrictions: six considerations to help develop ethical patient visitor policies.Monash bioethics review · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on longitudinal trends of surgical mortality and inpatient quality of care in Ontario, Canada.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Video call program for intensive care patients and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- The NOSO-COVID study: a large-scale survey assessing stakeholder perspectives on patient and family engagement in infection prevention, informed by Q-methodology findings.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Implementation context, mechanisms and outcomes of a transitional care intervention to prevent delirium: a mixed-methods process evaluation from the TRADE study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, visiting restrictions of different extents have been implemented. However, despite the long history of visiting restrictions in health care systems, little is known about their effects.
objectivesThis review sought to explore the consequences of visitor restrictions in health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA systematic, integrative review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, based on a systematic search in PubMed, CHINAL full plus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Scopus and the Cochrane Library.
resultsA total of 17 scientific papers covering intensive care, pediatric care, general medical care, hospital care, palliative care and nursing home settings were included. Although appreciation for the technical solutions enabling remote meetings was reported, visiting restrictions had several consequences, mainly negative, for the patient's health, the health and wellbeing of family members and the provision of care. Among physical health consequences, reduced nutrition intake, decreased activities of daily living and increased physical pain and symptoms were reported. Among mental health consequences for the patient, loneliness, depressive symptoms, agitation, aggression, reduced cognitive ability and overall dissatisfaction were observed. For family members, worry, anxiety and uncertainty occurred, and they reported an increased need for information from care providers. Family members of neonatal intensive care unit patients reported less bonding with their child and family relation disturbances due to the restrictions. For care providers, visiting restrictions added the burdens of ethical dilemmas, learning new technical means to enable social interaction and an increased demand for communication with families and providing social support to both family members and patients.
conclusionsWhen implementing visiting restrictions in health care services, decision makers and nurses need to be aware of their potential negative effects and adapt the provision of care to compensate for such effects. Nurses in all sectors should be aware that visiting restrictions may affect patients, families, and health care services for longer than the actual pandemic. Since the level of evidence regarding effect from visiting restrictions is low, further studies is strongly needed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.