ReviewCytokine2021
Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNγ in SARS-CoV-2 disease.
Review in Cytokine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- DIVAS: an R package for identifying shared and individual variations of multiomics data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Interferons in Autoimmunity: From Loss of Tolerance to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Distinctive Temporal Profiles of Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Natural Infection, Viral Challenge, and Vaccination.Viruses · 2025Article
- Cytokine, chemokine, and acute-phase protein profiles in plasma as correlative biomarkers of clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of severe and critical COVID-19 patients reveals alterations in expression, splicing and polyadenylation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the prevalence and impact of silent rhinovirus infection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Article
- [Innate immune response to interferon gamma in severe Covid-19 positive patients].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025Observational
- Design of quinoline SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors as oral antiviral drug candidates.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Decoding prognostic factors in SARS-CoV-2 complications among patients with hematological disorders.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Endurance Exercise Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Inflammation in BALB/c Mice Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- IRF1 Mediates Growth Arrest and the Induction of a Secretory Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines IFNγ/TNFα.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Deregulation of interferon-gamma receptor 1 expression and its implications for lung adenocarcinoma progression.World journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Interferon-International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity of the CoronaVac vaccine in children: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Evaluating the effects of circulating inflammatory proteins as drivers and therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Dynamic shifts in lung cytokine patterns in post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease patients: a pilot study.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024Article
- The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with COVID-19 triggered hyperinflammation: the RuxCoFlam trial.Leukemia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferons have prominent roles in various pathophysiological conditions, mostly related to inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) was, initially discovered as a potent antiviral agent, over 50 years ago, and has recently garnered renewed interest as a promising factor involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. When new disease epidemics appear such as SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), IAV (Influenza A virus), and in particular the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is especially timely to review the complexity of immune system responses to viral infections. Here we consider the controversial roles of effectors like IFNγ, discussing its actions in immunomodulation and immunotolerance. We explore the possibility that modulation of IFNγ could be used to influence the course of such infections. Importantly, not only could endogenous expression of IFNγ influence the outcome, there are existing IFNγ therapeutics that can readily be applied in the clinic. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlled by IFNγ suggests that the exact timing for application of IFNγ-based therapeutics could be crucial: it should be earlier to significantly reduce the viral load and thus decrease the overall severity of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.