Trial reportPreventive medicine2021
Cumulative vulnerabilities as a potential moderator of response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.
Trial report in Preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Project 3, Study 2: Extended Exposure to Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in People With Current Affective Disorders
Project 1, Study 2: Extended Exposure to Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Childbearing Age Women
Project 2, Study 2: Extended Exposure to Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Opioid Abusers
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cumulative vulnerabilities and smoking abstinence: A test from a randomized clinical trial.Behaviour research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Leveraging the cigarette purchase task to understand relationships between cumulative vulnerabilities, the relative reinforcing effects of smoking, and response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Unmet Health-Related Social Needs Among Black Adults Who Smoke.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Investigating the substitutability of little cigars/cigarillos, e-cigarettes, and other noncombusted tobacco products for cigarettes using the experimental tobacco marketplace.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Nicotine Reduction Standard in Cigarettes and Estimated Lives Saved and Deaths Averted.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Delay discounting is associated with addiction and mental health measures while controlling for health behaviors and health barriers in a large US sample.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Article
- Intersections between environmental reward availability, loss aversion, and delay discounting as potential risk factors for cigarette smoking and other substance use.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Behavior change, health, and health disparities 2021: Rural addiction and health.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Combustible cigarette smokers versus dual combustible and electronic users: Evaluation of differences in anxiety, depression, and transdiagnostic constructs among Latinx adults.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Risk for smoking increases in a summative manner corresponding to the number of co-occurring vulnerabilities present (cumulative vulnerability). We examined whether cumulative vulnerabilities moderate response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes in a secondary analysis of results from 775 participants in three 12-week randomized clinical trials examining research cigarettes varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 15.8 mg nicotine/g tobacco). Participants were categorized as having 0-1, 2-3, or ≥ 4 cumulative vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities included: rural residence, current substance use disorder, current affective disorder, low educational attainment, poverty, unemployment, physical disability. The primary outcome was total cigarettes per day (CPD) during Week 12; secondary outcomes included CPD across weeks, toxin exposure, dependence severity, craving/withdrawal (17 dependent measures). Results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance and growth-curve modeling. Total CPD during Week 12 increased as cumulative-vulnerability increased (P = 0.004), and decreased as nicotine content decreased (P < 0.001), with no significant interaction of cumulative vulnerability and dose (P = 0.67). Effects on other outcomes generally followed that same pattern. The only exception across the other outcomes was on Questionnaire-on-Smoking-Urges Factor-2 ratings for usual-brand cigarettes where cumulative vulnerability, dose, and time interacted (P = 0.007), with craving at the 0.4 and 2.4 mg/g doses decreasing over time, but inconsistently across vulnerability categories. Overall, we saw little evidence that cumulative vulnerabilities moderate response to reduced nicotine content cigarettes suggesting that a policy reducing nicotine content in cigarettes to minimally addictive levels could benefit even highly vulnerable smokers including those residing in rural or other regions with overrepresentation of co-occurring vulnerabilities. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT02232737, NCT02250664, NCT02250534.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.