Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34242582›Full record

ReviewCell host & microbe2021

HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2: Patterns in the evolution of two pandemic pathogens.

Will Fischer, Elena E Giorgi, Srirupa Chakraborty, Kien Nguyen, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, James Theiler, Pablo A Goloboff, Hyejin Yoon, Werner Abfalterer, Brian T Foley and 6 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05711810 (Cardiac Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Circulation Techniques - Medicine Induced Hemodialysis on "Vaccinated" Immune Attacks), which is not on this map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05711810 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Cardiac Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Circulation Techniques - Medicine Induced Hemodialysis on "Vaccinated" Immune Attacks

TypeinterventionalSponsorYang I. PachankisRan2023 to 2023Enrolled1ConditionsSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus, Renal Dialysis, Vaccines, Myocarditis AllergicArmsNifedipine 30 MG, Kangzhu BPCB0A-3A, Low Mobility, Enalapril Maleate 10Mg Tab, Lansoprazole 30Mg Ec Cap
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Selective Diversity in RNA Viruses: Do They Know How to Evolve? A Hypothesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Will FischerT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Elena E GiorgiT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Srirupa ChakrabortyT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Kien NguyenT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Tanmoy BhattacharyaT-2: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545 USA.
James TheilerISR-3: Space Data Science and Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Pablo A GoloboffUnidad Ejecutora Lillo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Fundación Miguel Lillo, S. M. de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 251 4000, Argentina; Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024, USA.
Hyejin YoonT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Werner AbfaltererT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Brian T FoleyT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Houriiyah TegallyKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Department of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
James Emmanuel SanKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Department of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Tulio de OliveiraKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Department of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA)
Sandrasegaram GnanakaranT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Bette KorberT-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA. Electronic address: btk@lanl.gov.
Los Alamos National Laboratory · USUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal · ZAAmerican Museum of Natural History · US

Funding

Optimizing glycan shield coverage, germline B cell receptor binding and epitope diversity of V2-apex targeted HIV-1 Env immunogensR37AI150590 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Beatrice H Hahn · 2019 to 2026
$6.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI150590
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which has swept the world in the course of a single year. The same evolutionary strategies that drive HIV-1 evolution are at play in SARS-CoV-2. Single nucleotide mutations, multi-base insertions and deletions, recombination, and variation in surface glycans all generate the variability that, guided by natural selection, enables both HIV-1's extraordinary diversity and SARS-CoV-2's slower pace of mutation accumulation. Even though SARS-CoV-2 diversity is more limited, recently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants carry Spike mutations that have important phenotypic consequences in terms of both antibody resistance and enhanced infectivity. We review and compare how these mutational patterns manifest in these two distinct viruses to provide the variability that fuels their evolution by natural selection.

Indexed as

PandemicsCOVID-19Evolution, MolecularGenome, ViralHIV-1HumansImmune EvasionMutationReceptors, VirusRecombination, GeneticSARS-CoV-2Selection, GeneticSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusViral ProteinsReceptors, VirusSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Viral ProteinsevolutionglycosylationHIV-1immune escapeinsertions and deletionsrecombinationSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34242582
PMCPMC8173590
OpenAlexW3170708101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.