Trial reportPloS one2021
Immune response dynamics in COVID-19 patients to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-Effective and Time-Saving Multiplex-Beads Immunoassay Method to Detect Humoral Immune Responses Against Respiratory Infections.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Characterizing Host Inflammatory Bioprofiles in People With Postacute Sequelae SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC).Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Common HCoVs in Hemodialysis Patients and Transplant Recipients: Data from the Dominican Republic.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Longitudinal study on immunologic, lipoproteomic, and inflammatory responses indicates the safety of sequential COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Role of interleukin 6 polymorphism and inflammatory markers in outcome of pediatric Covid- 19 patients.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comparing machine learning screening approaches using clinical data and cytokine profiles for COVID-19 in resource-limited and resource-abundant settings.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- BPR3P0128, a non-nucleoside RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and exerts synergistic antiviral activity in combination with remdesivir.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Lipid Mediators and Cytokines/Chemokines Display Differential Profiles in Severe versus Mild/Moderate COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 diagnostics: Molecular biology to nanomaterials.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2023Review
- Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines.PloS one · 2023Article
- Ultrarapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients via a 3D-printed nanomaterial-based biosensing platform.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned.ACS infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Article
- What Is Currently Known about the Role of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses.Transplant immunology · 2022Review
- A GABA-receptor agonist reduces pneumonitis severity, viral load, and death rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell therapy on top of triple therapy with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab improves PaOFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Evaluating the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in coronavirus infection.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- The Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Biomarkers for Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.Journal of global infectious diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 serological test must have high sensitivity as well as specificity to rule out cross-reactivity with common coronaviruses (HCoVs). We have developed a quantitative multiplex test, measuring antibodies against spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and common human coronavirus strains (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1), and nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV viruses. Receptor binding domain of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (S-RBD), and N protein, demonstrated sensitivity (94% and 92.5%, respectively) in COVID-19 patients (n = 53), with 98% specificity in non-COVID-19 respiratory-disease (n = 98), and healthy-controls (n = 129). Anti S-RBD and N antibodies appeared five to ten days post-onset of symptoms, peaking at approximately four weeks. The appearance of IgG and IgM coincided while IgG subtypes, IgG1 and IgG3 appeared soon after the total IgG; IgG2 and IgG4 remained undetectable. Several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were found to be elevated in many COVID-19 patients (e.g., Eotaxin, Gro-α, CXCL-10 (IP-10), RANTES (CCL5), IL-2Rα, MCP-1, and SCGF-b); CXCL-10 was elevated in all. In contrast to antibody titers, levels of CXCL-10 decreased with the improvement in patient health suggesting it as a candidate for disease resolution. Importantly, anti-N antibodies appear before S-RBD and differentiate between vaccinated and infected people-current vaccines (and several in the pipeline) are S protein-based.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.