Observational studyPloS one2021
Balanced carbohydrate ratios are associated with improved diet quality in Australia: A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Predicting carbohydrate quality in a global database of packaged foods.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of dietary choices on fiber deficiency: insights from the 2017-2020 Polish national adult nutrition survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The Profiling of Diet and Physical Activity in Reproductive Age Women and Their Association with Body Mass Index.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Importance of Carbohydrate Quality: What Does It Mean and How to Measure It?The Journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- Multiple Metrics of Carbohydrate Quality Place Starchy Vegetables Alongside Non-starchy Vegetables, Legumes, and Whole Fruit.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Perspective: The Glycemic Index Falls Short as a Carbohydrate Food Quality Indicator to Improve Diet Quality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCarbohydrate quality influences major health outcomes; however, the best criteria to assess carbohydrate quality remain unknown.
objectiveThe objectives were to: i) evaluate whether a diet that meets a carbohydrate ratio (simple, modified or dual ratio) is associated with higher nutrient intakes and diet quality, and ii) model the impact of substituting carbohydrate foods that meet the proposed ratios in place of foods that do not, on nutrient intakes.
designA secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. PARTICIPANTS/
settingNational data from participants aged 2 years and older (n = 12,153).
main outcome measuresRatios were defined as (i) simple ratio, 10:1 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber); (ii) modified ratio, 10:1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber:≤2g free sugars); and (iii) dual ratio, 10:1 & 1:2 (10g carbohydrate:≥1g dietary fiber & ≤2g free sugars per 1g dietary fiber). Ratios were compared to nutrient intakes obtained via automated multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality calculated using the Australian Healthy Eating Index. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Substitution dietary modelling was performed. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests.
resultsRatio adherence was highest for simple (50.2% adults; 28.6% children), followed by dual (40.6% adults; 21.7% children), then modified (32.7% adults; 18.6% children) ratios. Participants who met any ratio reported higher nutrient intake and diet quality compared to those who failed to meet the respective ratio (P < .001 for all), with the greatest nutrient intakes found for those who met modified or dual ratios. Dietary modelling improved nutrient intakes for all ratios, with the greatest improvement found for the dual ratio.
conclusionsAll carbohydrate ratios were associated with higher diet quality, with a free sugars constraint in the dual ratio providing the greatest improvements.
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