ArticleNeuropsychology2021
Adaptation and validation of a computerized neurocognitive battery in the Xhosa of South Africa.
Article in Neuropsychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Executive functions in adults: scoping review of computerized neuropsychological batteries.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2026Review
- Exploring the relationships between Early Childhood Adversity, Social Cognition, and Aggression in a South African Study of People Living with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Cognitive assessment in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: harmonization priorities and strategies in a diverse international sample.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Validation of the cognitive section of the Penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT-CCNB).Brain and cognition · 2024Article
- Development and application of novel performance validity metrics for computerized neurocognitive batteries.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Predictors of within-individual variability in cognitive performance in schizophrenia in a South African case-control study.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2023Article
- Test-Retest Reliability of a Computerized Neurocognitive Battery in School-Age Children with HIV in Botswana.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2023Article
- Structural validity of a computerized neurocognitive battery for youth affected by human immunodeficiency virus in Botswana.Psychological assessment · 2022Article
- Cognitive Impairment in Acute Heart Failure: Narrative Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLarge-scale studies have revolutionized biomedical research, and neurocognitive tests can help elucidate the biological basis of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, studies have predominantly been conducted in Western settings. We describe the development and validation of a computerized battery (PennCNB) with the Xhosa population of South Africa.
methodIndividuals with schizophrenia (n = 525) and a normative comparison group (n = 744) were balanced on age, sex, education, and region. Participants provided blood samples, were assessed psychiatrically, and were administered a PennCNB translation to isiXhosa, including measures of executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed. Feasibility was examined with test completion rates and input from administrators, and psychometric structural validity and associations with clinical and demographic characteristics were examined.
resultsTests were well tolerated by participants, as >87% had one (or fewer) test missing. Results suggested a similar factor structure to prior PennCNB studies in Western contexts, and expected age and sex effects were apparent. Furthermore, a similar profile of schizophrenia was observed, with neurocognitive deficits most pronounced for executive functions, especially attention, as well as memory, social cognition, and motor speed relative to complex cognition and sensorimotor speed.
conclusionsResults support the feasibility of implementing a culturally adapted computerized neurocognitive battery in sub-Saharan African settings and provide evidence supporting the concurrent validity of the translated instrument. Thus, the PennCNB is implementable on a large scale in non-Western contexts, shows expected factor structure, and can detect cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Obtaining valid measures of cognition by nonspecialized proctors is especially suitable in resource-limited settings, where traditional testing is prohibitive. Future work should establish normative standards, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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