ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2022
Endocrine risk factors for COVID-19: Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid excess.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a machine learning-based mortality prediction model for patients with mental disorders and COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Satellite Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the miR-335-5p/MAPK11/iNOS Pathway.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Hormonal Implications of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Endocrine Disruptions.Scientifica · 2025Review
- Cushing's syndrome and COVID-19.Pituitary · 2024Review
- The risk of COVID-19 in Cushing's disease is independently related to disease activity (hypercortisolism) and obesity.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and adrenals: deep insights and implications in patients with glucocorticoid disorders.Endocrine · 2023Review
- Dexamethasone impairs the expression of antimicrobial mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary macrophages by inhibiting both expression and function of interferon β.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Mechanical Stress-Induced C2C12-Derived Exosomes on Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Through miR-92a-3p/PTEN/AKT Signaling Pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- The Relationship between COVID-19 and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: A Large Spectrum from Glucocorticoid Insufficiency to Excess-The CAPISCO International Expert Panel.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Revisiting the endocrine and metabolic manifestations of COVID-19 two years into the pandemic.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Perioperative Management of a Patient With Cushing Disease.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- [Practical recommendations for screening and management of functional disorders of the adrenal cortex in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections].Der Internist · 2022Review
- Successful Immunomodulatory Treatment of COVID-19 in a Patient With Severe ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess exhibit a range of side effects, including an increased risk of infections. Via both mechanism, immune impairments and cardiometabolic concomitant diseases, patients with GC excess could be at increased risk for COVID-19. The impact on incidence and outcome of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population are not yet completely clear. This review aims to compile the data available to date and to discuss the existing literature on this topic. Further we highlight potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the influence of endogenous or exogenous GC excess on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. There is growing evidence suggesting an increased risk of infection and severe outcome in patients with high-dose GC therapy after contracting SARS-CoV-2. The few data and case reports on patients with endogenous GC excess and SARS-CoV-2 infection point in a similar direction: chronic GC excess seems to be associated with an unfavorable course of COVID-19. Whether this is mainly a primary immune-mediated effect, or also triggered by the many GC-associated comorbidities in this population, is not yet fully understood. Patients with endogenous or exogenous GC excess should be considered as a vulnerable group during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Regardless of the cause, vaccination and consistent surveillance and control of associated comorbidities are recommended.
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