ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2021
Poor humoral and T-cell response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in cardiothoracic transplant recipients.
Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05280158 (Phase I/II, Open-Label Dose-Finding Trial of High-Dose mRNA-1273 Booster for Lung Transplant Recipients), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II, Open-Label Dose-Finding Trial of High-Dose mRNA-1273 Booster for Lung Transplant Recipients
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Humoral and cellular response of COVID-19 vaccine among solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2022Pooled it
- Seroconversion following the first, second, and third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in immunocompromised population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 and solid organ transplantation: Finding the right balance.Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and Risk Factors Associated With Poor Humoral Immune Response of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Short-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.The Journal of infection · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Immunological and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Heterologous vector versus homologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Safety and 1-Year Outcomes After Transplanting Hearts From SARS-CoV-2 Positive Donors: Insights From an International Analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- A third COVID-19 vaccine dose in kidney transplant recipients induces antibody response to vaccine and Omicron variants but shows limited Ig subclass switching.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- A Third COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Kidney Transplant Recipients Induces Antibody Response to Vaccine and Omicron Variants but Shows Limited Ig Subclass Switching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in cardiothoracic transplant recipients: predictive factors for humoral response.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Prevention in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Current State of the Evidence.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2023Review
- The Cellular and Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccines Is Significantly Better in Liver Transplant Patients Compared with Kidney Transplant Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- T follicular helper cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among healthy and immunocompromised adults.Immunology and cell biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsImmunocompromised patients have been excluded from studies of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccines. The immune response to vaccines against other infectious agents has been shown to be blunted in such patients. We aimed to analyse the humoral and cellular response to prime-boost vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in cardiothoracic transplant recipients. METHODS AND
resultsA total of 50 transplant patients [1-3 years post heart (42), lung (7), or heart-lung (1) transplant, mean age 55 ± 10 years] and a control group of 50 healthy staff members were included. Blood samples were analysed 21 days after the prime and the boosting dose, respectively, to quantify anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) immunoglobulin titres (tested by Abbott, Euroimmun and RocheElecsys Immunoassays, each) and the functional inhibitory capacity of neutralizing antibodies (Genscript). To test for a specific T-cell response, heparinized whole blood was stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 specific peptides, covering domains of the viral spike, nucleocapsid and membrane protein, and the interferon-γ release was measured (QuantiFERON Monitor ELISA, Qiagen). The vast majority of transplant patients (90%) showed neither a detectable humoral nor a T-cell response three weeks after the completed two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination; these results are in sharp contrast to the robust immunogenicity seen in the control group: 98% exhibited seroconversion after the prime dose already, with a further significant increase of IgG titres after the booster dose (average > tenfold increase), a more than 90% inhibition capability of neutralizing antibodies as well as evidence of a T-cell responsiveness.
conclusionsThe findings of poor immune responses to a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in cardiothoracic transplant patients have a significant impact for organ transplant recipients specifically and possibly for immunocompromised patients in general. It urges for a review of future vaccine strategies in these patients.
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Registered trials
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