Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34241567›Full record

Observational studyGut microbes

Inter-kingdom relationships in Crohn's disease explored using a multi-omics approach.

Alessandra Frau, Umer Z Ijaz, Rachael Slater, Daisy Jonkers, John Penders, Barry J Campbell, John G Kenny, Neil Hall, Luca Lenzi, Michael D Burkitt and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The Gut Mycobiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: ReframingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Gut microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease.United European gastroenterology journal · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Gut microbiome and mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease patients withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Alessandra FrauDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6885-1042
Umer Z IjazSchool of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Rachael SlaterDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Daisy JonkersSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
John PendersSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9146-5919
Barry J CampbellDepartment of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
John G KennyTeagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.
Neil HallEarlham Institute, Norwich, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2808-0009
Luca LenziCentre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Michael D BurkittDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Marieke PierikSchool of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Alistair C DarbyDepartment of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Christopher S J ProbertDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
University of Liverpool · GBMaastricht University · NLTeagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority · IEUniversity of East Anglia · GBUniversity of Glasgow · GBUniversity of Manchester · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) is multifactorial. Bacterial and fungal microbiota are involved in the onset and/or progression of the disease. A bacterial dysbiosis in CD patients is accepted; however, less is known about the mycobiome and the relationships between the two communities. We investigated the interkingdom relationships, their metabolic consequences, and the changes in the fungal community during relapse and remission in CD.Two cohorts were evaluated: a British cohort (n = 63) comprising CD and ulcerative colitis patients, and controls. The fungal and bacterial communities of biopsy and fecal samples were analyzed, with the fecal volatiles; datasets were also integrated; and a Dutch cohort (n = 41) comprising CD patients and healthy controls was analyzed for stability of the gut mycobiome.A dysbiosis of the bacterial community was observed in biopsies and stool. Results suggest

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdolescentAdultAgedBacteriaChildCohort StudiesCrohn DiseaseDysbiosisFecesFemaleFungiHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultCrohn’s diseasemetabolomemicrobiomemycobiomevolatile organic compound

Identifiers

PMID34241567
PMCPMC8274447
OpenAlexW3179435091

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.