ArticleCancer medicine2021
Establishment of patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroid models for tumor microenvironment modeling.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids as a functional platform for predicting immunotherapeutic responses and guiding precision treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Translating Pharmacology from Animal Models to Organoids: Advancing Predictive Human Biology in Drug Discovery.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Application of patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids to guide combination immunotherapy for advanced HCC: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids, tumoroids, and organoids: advancing immunotherapy using state-of-the-art 3D tumor model systems.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- Impact of enzymatic isolation on the propagation efficiency of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomedical applications of organoids derived from the digestive system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Spheroids from Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Phenotypes as Building Blocks in Bioprinting (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Review
- Preliminary study of utilizing a patient derived tumor spheroid model to augment precision therapy in metastatic brain tumors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Inspiring a convergent engineering approach to measure and model the tissue microenvironment.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Getting off tract: contributions of intraorgan microbiota to cancer in extraintestinal organs.Gut · 2023Review
- Review
- Improved Drug-Response Prediction Model of APC Mutant Colon Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids for Precision Medicine.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
- Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers-Techniques, applications, and future perspectives.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Functional precision oncology using patient-derived assays: bridging genotype and phenotype.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Spheroid Engineering in Microfluidic Devices.ACS omega · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer models that reconstitute the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment may facilitate efforts in precision immune-oncology and the discovery of effective anticancer therapies. Organoids that have recently emerged as robust preclinical models typically contain tumor epithelial cells and lack the native tumor immune microenvironment. A patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroid (PDOTS) is a novel and innovative ex vivo system that retains key features of the native tumor immune microenvironment. Here, we established and characterized a series of colorectal cancer PDOTS models for use as a preclinical platform for testing effective immunotherapy and its combinations with other drugs. Partially dissociated (> 100 μm in diameter) tumor tissues were embedded in Matrigel-containing organoid media and subsequently formed into organoid structures within 3 to 7 days of culture. The success rate of growing PDOTS from fresh tissues was ~86%. Morphological analysis showed that the PDOTSs varied in size and structure. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis revealed that the PDOTSs retained autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells were continually decreased through serial passages. Notably, PDOTSs from tumors from a high-level microsatellite instability-harboring patient were sensitive to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Our results demonstrate that the PDOTS model in which the tumor immune microenvironment is preserved may represent an advantageous ex vivo system to develop effective immune therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.