Trial reportClinical and experimental immunology2021
Impaired function of PD-1
Trial report in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impaired function of PD-1Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- Construction and validation of a model based on necroptosis-related genes for predicting glioma prognosis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4): Between immune tolerance and genetic predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Bridging B-cell autoimmunity and oncology: the PD-1/PD-L1 paradox in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Th17-associated cytokine gene hypomethylation reflects epigenetic dysregulation in graves' disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Follicular Helper T Cells and Follicular Regulatory T Cells Involved in Immune Disorders of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Review
- Immune imbalance in Lupus Nephritis: The intersection of T-Cell and ferroptosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- An updated review on abnormal epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: latest insight into etiopathogenesis.Rheumatology international · 2023Review
- Role of sPD-1 and sPD-Ls in the pathogenesis of connective tissue disease.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis and novel therapeutics of regulatory T cell subsets and interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The effect of combining PD-1 agonist and low-dose Interleukin-2 on treating systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Altered Circulating Follicular T Helper Cell Subsets and Follicular T Regulatory Cells Are Indicators of a Derailed B Cell Response in Lupus, Which Could Be Modified by Targeting IL-21R.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Different subpopulations of regulatory T cells in human autoimmune disease, transplantation, and tumor immunity.MedComm · 2022Review
- Current Advances in Follicular Regulatory T-Cell Biology.Critical reviews in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Aberrant autoantibody production is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells can potentially suppress this abnormality. We investigate functional changes in TFR cells from SLE patients. Circulating TFR cells were collected from 19 SLE patients and 14 healthy controls (HC) to compare molecular expression and in-vitro suppressive capacity of follicular helper T (TFH) cell proliferation. To reveal the stability of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) in TFR, pyrosequencing of conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) 2 at the FoxP3 gene locus was performed. We then tested interleukin (IL)-2 in SLE-TFR cells to check restoration of suppressor function. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression in SLE-TFR cells was positively correlated with anti-DNA antibody levels and disease activity. These cells had impaired suppressive function for TFH cells with decreased expression of suppression mediators FoxP3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Rα). Pyrosequencing identified hyper-methylation in CNS2 region of SLE-TFR cells comparing to HC. With in-vitro IL-2 stimulation, PD-1 expression of TFR cells significantly decreased, together with increased expression of FoxP3 and CTLA-4, especially at a low dose. Thus, SLE-TFR cells have functionally defective to TFH suppression, but low-dose IL-2 therapy might be useful to restore this ability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.