ArticleInternational journal of transgender health2021
Enacted stigma experiences and protective factors are strongly associated with mental health outcomes of transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Article in International journal of transgender health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexual and Gender Minority Stress in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Engagement: A Meta-Analytic Review.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Pooled it
- An mHealth App to Increase Engagement in Mental Health Services for Depression and Anxiety: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Forms of transphobia and their influence on health outcomes among transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse individuals: a global systematic review.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Burden of mental disorders and risk factors in the Western Pacific region from 1990 to 2021.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Perceived legal protection and institutional trust predict a lower psychological distress level for transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Article
- Invalidation and Mental Health among Nonbinary Individuals.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2024Article
- "[He] can be supportive, but at times I feel he is ashamed of me": Understanding the relationship between parental support and quality of life amongst trans and gender diverse youth in the UK.International journal of transgender health · 2024Article
- Social Support for Rural Gender Diverse Youth Compared to Cisgender Peers.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Transgender-related stigma and gender minority stress-related health disparities in Aotearoa New Zealand: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and general health.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- "It felt like they were trying to destabilise us": Parent assessment in UK children's gender services.International journal of transgender health · 2023Article
- Gender minority stress in education: Protecting trans children's mental health in UK schools.International journal of transgender health · 2023Article
- Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8.International journal of transgender health · 2022Article
- Setting a research agenda in trans health: An expert assessment of priorities and issues by trans and nonbinary researchers.International journal of transgender health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInternational evidence has found large mental health inequities among transgender people and demonstrates that mental health outcomes are associated with enacted stigma experiences and protective factors. This study aimed to examine the extent of associations of enacted stigma experiences specific to transgender people alongside protective factors with mental health of transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
methodsThe 2018 Counting Ourselves survey was a nationwide community-based study of transgender people (
resultsOur findings demonstrated that enacted stigma was associated with negative mental health, and support of friends and family was linked to better outcomes across all mental health measures. Beyond primary social ties, sense of belongingness to neighborhood and transgender communities were linked to reduced odds of psychological distress and suicidal ideation. For those scoring high on enacted stigma and low on protective factors, our model revealed a 25% probability of attempting suicide in the last year compared to 3% for those scoring low on enacted stigma and high on protective factors.
conclusionsEchoing previous findings, this study demonstrates that transgender people across Aotearoa/New Zealand are less likely to manifest life-threatening mental health outcomes if they experience low levels of enacted stigma and high levels of access to protective factors. Our findings suggest a need to address the enacted stigma that transgender people face across interpersonal and structural settings, and also to enhance social supports that are gender affirmative for this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.