ArticleTuberculosis research and treatment2021
Engaging Informal Private Health Care Providers for TB Case Detection: Experiences from RIPEND Project in India.
Article in Tuberculosis research and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health systems resilience and private for-profit sector engagement: lessons from the second COVID-19 wave in Uttar Pradesh, India.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Increasing detection of individuals with tuberculosis through engagement of informal health care providers in Northeastern Nigeria.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Improving private tuberculosis patient notifications in Akot Tuberculosis Unit of Vidarbha region of India: A Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) based approach for enhanced public health reporting.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic consequences of tuberculosis for households in Nigeria: a longitudinal patient cost survey within an intervention engaging informal health providers.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Understanding Providers' Attitude Toward AI in India's Informal Health Care Sector: Survey Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Finding the missing men with tuberculosis: a participatory approach to identify priority interventions in Uganda.Health policy and planning · 2025Article
- Exploring current and potential roles of informal healthcare providers in tuberculosis care in West Bengal, India: A qualitative content analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of informal healthcare providers in tuberculosis care: insights from India.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to Tuberculosis case notification among private health facilities in Kampala Capital City, Uganda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Engaging the Private Health Service Delivery Sector for TB Care in India-Miles to Go!Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Barriers and facilitators to informal healthcare provider engagement in the national tuberculosis elimination program of India: An exploratory study from West Bengal.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- "DOST" Model to Link and Support Drug Resistant TB Patients From Private Sector: An Experience From Delhi, India.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInformal (unqualified) health care providers are an important source of medical care for persons with presumptive TB (PPTB) in India. A project (titled RIPEND) was implemented to engage informal providers for the identification of PPTBs and TB patients in 4 districts of Telangana State, India, during October 2018-December 2019 project period. Engagement involved sensitizing the informal providers about TB, providing them financial incentives to identify PPTBs, and linking these PPTBs to diagnostic and treatment services provided by the Government of India's National TB Elimination Programme.
objectivesTo describe (a) the characteristics of the informal providers, along with their self-reported practices on TB diagnosis, treatment, and challenges encountered by the RIPEND project staff in engaging them in the project and (b) the outputs and outcomes of this engagement.
methodsWe used a combination of one-on-one interviews with informal providers, group interviews with RIPEND project staff, and secondary analysis of data available within the project's recording and reporting systems.
resultsA total of 555 informal providers were actively engaged under the project. The majority (87%) had a nonmedicine-related graduate degree and had been providing medical care for more than 10 years. Most (95%) were aware that a cough for 2 weeks or more is a symptom of pulmonary TB and that such patients should be referred for sputum-smear microscopy at a government health facility. Challenges in engaging the informal providers included motivating them to participate in the study, suboptimal mobile usage for referral services, and delays in providing financial incentives to them for referring PPTBs. During the project period (October 2018-December 2019), 8342 PPTBs were identified of which 1003 TB patients were detected and linked to TB treatment services.
conclusionThis project showed that engaging informal providers is feasible and that a large number of PPTB and TB patients can be identified through this effort. The Government of India should consider engaging informal providers for the early diagnosis of TB to reduce the missing TB cases in the country.
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