ReviewThe journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG2021
Update on Local Anesthetic Toxicity, Prevention and Treatment During Regional Anesthesia in Infants and Children.
Review in The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Erector spinae plane block in pediatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- Dexamethasone as a perineural adjuvant to a ropivacaine popliteal sciatic nerve block for pediatric foot surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Trial
- MaxSafe: a mobile-friendly calculator for fractional local anesthetic toxicity and epinephrine dose tracking in dental practice.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
- Regional Anesthesia to Save the Day for Kids: A Narrative Review of Literature About the Blocks to Know for Common Pediatric Surgeries.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Lidocaine Delivery Systems for Preventing Postoperative Sore Throat: From Direct Spray to Soft Mist.Local and regional anesthesia · 2026Review
- Superficial Cervical Plexus Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Occipital Craniotomies: A Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Comparing the Effect of 0.75% Ropivacaine and 2% Lidocaine on Intraoperative Bleeding and Postoperative Pain of Third Molar Surgery: A Double Blinded, Split Mouth Study.World journal of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity in an Infant Following a Caudal Block: A Case Report and Review of Literature.Cureus · 2025Article
- Super-refractory status epilepticus, rhabdomyolysis, central hyperthermia and cardiomyopathy attributable to spinal anesthesia: a case report and review of literature.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Review
- Disposition of levobupivacaine during intraoperative continuous caudal epidural analgesia in a preterm neonate.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2024Article
- Review
- Safety of local anesthetics in cervical nerve root injections: a narrative review.Skeletal radiology · 2023Review
- Neurological Complications of Regional Anesthesia: An Updated Review with Clinical Guidelines.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Review
- Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity Following Inadvertent Intravenous Levobupivacaine Infusion in Infants: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Multidisciplinary simulation of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity improves diagnostic and treatment skills and self-confidence for pain clinic procedural staff.BMJ open quality · 2023Article
- Regional anesthesia for pain control in children with solid tumors-a review of case reports.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Postoperative Apnea in a Neonate Following an Epidural Bolus Dose Through a High Thoracic Epidural Catheter.Journal of medical cases · 2021Article
- Postoperative Analgesia in Neonates and Infants Using Epidural Chloroprocaine and Clonidine.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- Regional anesthesia for geriatric population.Saudi journal of anaesthesiaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Local anesthetic agents play a key role in the treatment and prevention of pain in children. Although generally safe and effective, as with any pharmacologic agent, adverse effects may occur with the administration of these medications. Systemic absorption or inadvertent systemic injection during bolus dosing or continuous infusion can result in local anesthetic systemic toxicity with life-threatening neurological and cardiac complications. The following article reviews the pharmacology of local anesthetic agents, outlines previous reports of systemic toxicity during regional anesthesia, and discusses prevention and treatment algorithms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.