ArticleNature human behaviour2021
Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06490965 (Improving Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Treatments), which is not on this map. Cited by 163 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Treatments: from Lesions to Neuromodulation Targets
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous brain alterations in treatment-resistant depression converge on common control networks.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Potential Targets for Scalp Acupuncture and Brain Stimulation in Mental Disorders: Evidence From Large-Scale Meta-Analyses.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A neural network for tics: insights from causal brain lesions and deep brain stimulation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Target engagement in a head-to-head clinical trial of dysphoric versus anxiosomatic transcranial magnetic stimulation targets.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-nucleus accumbens stimulation for depression: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Reversible modulation of a deep white matter surgical target for depression with low-intensity focused ultrasound.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Intermittent theta-burst stimulation with adjunctive D-cycloserine rapidly resolves suicidal ideation and decreases implicit association with death/suicide.Psychological medicine · 2025Trial
- Linking Invasive and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Trial.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Trial
- Individualized precision targeting of dorsal attention and default mode networks with rTMS in traumatic brain injury-associated depression.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Real world research on transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric symptoms with long-COVID in Japan.Asian journal of psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Pursuing personalized medicine for depression by targeting the lateral or medial prefrontal cortex with Deep TMS.JCI insight · 2023Trial
- Modulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity after intermittent theta-burst stimulation in depression: Combining findings from fNIRS and fMRI.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Trial
- TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.Brain stimulationTrial
- Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound of the Amygdala in Depression and Anxiety: A First-in-Human Active-Controlled Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Convergence of TMS Sites and Lesion Locations Associated With Nicotine Addiction Improvement on a Common Brain Circuit.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Neuromodulation for Anxiety: Circuit-Based and Personalized Approaches.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Excessive Censoring Degrades Individual-Specific Cortical Parcellations and Personalized TMS Targets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Temporal interference stimulation for deep brain neuromodulation in humans.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 15 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Damage to specific brain circuits can cause specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therapeutic stimulation to these same circuits may modulate these symptoms. To determine whether these circuits converge, we studied depression severity after brain lesions (n = 461, five datasets), transcranial magnetic stimulation (n = 151, four datasets) and deep brain stimulation (n = 101, five datasets). Lesions and stimulation sites most associated with depression severity were connected to a similar brain circuit across all 14 datasets (P < 0.001). Circuits derived from lesions, deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were similar (P < 0.0005), as were circuits derived from patients with major depression versus other diagnoses (P < 0.001). Connectivity to this circuit predicted out-of-sample antidepressant efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation sites (P < 0.0001). In an independent analysis, 29 lesions and 95 stimulation sites converged on a distinct circuit for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (P < 0.05). We conclude that lesions, transcranial magnetic stimulation and DBS converge on common brain circuitry that may represent improved neurostimulation targets for depression and other disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.