ArticleScientific reports2021
EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors link TGF-β pathway and CCL2 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD163 and Tim-4 identify resident intestinal macrophages that are spatially regulated by TGF-β.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The EGR1/caspase-14/HIF-1α axis mediates tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Article
- Integrative proteo-genomic profiling uncovers key biomarkers of lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Neuronal CCL2 responds to hyperglycaemia and contributes to anxiety disorders in the context of diabetes.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- An Autocrine Regulator Loop Involving Tumor Necrosis Factor and Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand-2 Is Activated by Transforming Growth Factor-β in Rat Basophilic Leukemia-2H3 Mast Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- mCell stem cell · 2025Article
- Targeting the Key Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanism to Therapeutic Interventions.Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of the SUMO-related Signature: Implication for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Immune Therapeutic Approaches in Cervical Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- The Laws of Attraction: Chemokines as Critical Mediators in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- scL-2PAM: A Novel Countermeasure That Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Losses in Mice Exposed to an Anticholinesterase Organophosphate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Environmental Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Its Association with Endometriosis Risk: Implications in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Hormone Receptor Crosstalk in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Targeting CD47-SIRPa axis shows potent preclinical anti-tumor activity as monotherapy and synergizes with PARP inhibition.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Article
- Reprogramming alveolar macrophage responses to TGF-β reveals CCR2+ monocyte activity that promotes bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the main cytokine responsible for the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells, which is a hallmark of tumor transformation to the metastatic phenotype. Recently, research demonstrated that the chemokine CCL2 gene expression level directly correlates with the TGF-β activity in breast cancer patients. CCL2 attracts tumor-associated macrophages and is, therefore, considered as an important inductor of breast cancer progression; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its regulation by TGF-β are unknown. Here, we studied the behavior of the CCL2 gene in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cells representing mesenchymal-like phenotype activated by TGF-β. Using bioinformatics, deletion screening and point mutagenesis, we identified binding sites in the CCL2 promoter and candidate transcription factors responsible for its regulation by TGF-β. Among these factors, only the knock-down of EGR1 and RXRA made CCL2 promoter activity independent of TGF-β. These factors also demonstrated binding to the CCL2 promoter in a TGF-β-dependent manner in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and point mutations in the EGR1 and RXRA binding sites totally abolished the effect of TGF-β. Our results highlight the key role of EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors in the regulation of CCL2 gene in response to TGF-β pathway.
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