ArticleScientific reports2021
Retrospective review of 27 European cases of fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-haemorrhagic disease reveals evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- First evidence of clinical protection from an EEHV1A mRNA vaccine in naturally infected juvenile elephants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps offer a new therapeutic target for elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD).Communications biology · 2026Article
- Development of gut microbiota composition in captive Asian elephants: a year-long analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-term biochemical stability of fresh-frozen plasma from Asian elephants (Veterinary world · 2026Article
- A safe, T cell-inducing heterologous vaccine against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in a proof-of-concept study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Severe Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 6 Associated Disease in Two African Elephants Under Human Care in Austria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus - hemorrhagic disease cases suggest an excessive proinflammatory cytokine response contributes to pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Phagocytic Function and Flow Cytometric Phenotype of Asian Elephant Monocytes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Measures of Oxidative Status Markers in Relation to Age, Sex, and Season in Sick and Healthy Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Seasonal patterns of oxidative stress markers in captive Asian elephants in Thailand and relationships to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus shedding.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
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- Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 andAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Impact in the European Asian Elephant (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is widely acknowledged as the most common cause of mortality in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in captivity. The objective of the current study was to perform a blinded, retrospective pathology review of European EEHV-HD fatalities, constituting the largest systematic assessment of EEHV-HD pathology to date. Findings between viral genotypes were compared with the aim to investigate if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) could be substantiated as a significant complicating factor, thereby increasing the understanding of disease pathophysiology. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed endothelial cell (EC) damage and the presence of EC intranuclear inclusion bodies, demonstrating a direct viral cytopathic effect. Microthrombi were observed in 63% of cases in several organs, including lungs, which, together with widespread haemorrhage and thrombocytopenia reported in EEHV-HD case reports, supports the presence of overt DIC as a serious haemostatic complication of active EEHV infection. Death was attributed to widespread vascular damage with multi-organ dysfunction, including severe acute myocardial haemorrhage and subsequent cardiac failure. Systemic inflammation observed in the absence of bacterial infection may be caused by cytokine release syndrome. Findings reinforce the necessity to investigate cytokine responses and haemostatic status during symptomatic and asymptomatic EEHV viraemia, to potentially support the use of anti-inflammatory treatment in conjunction with anti-viral therapy and cardiovascular support.
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