Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34238944›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

A momentary assessment study on emotional and biological stress in adult males and females with autism spectrum disorder.

Kim van der Linden, Claudia Simons, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Emmy Ottenheijm, Thérèse van Amelsvoort, Machteld Marcelis

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Prospective Memory Performance of Autistic Adults in Everyday Life: The Role of Stress and Motivation.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Triple X syndrome: Psychiatric disorders and impaired social functioning as a risk factor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kim van der LindenGGzE, Mental Health Institute Eindhoven, P.O. Box 909, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. kim.vander.linden@ggze.nl.
Claudia SimonsGGzE, Mental Health Institute Eindhoven, P.O. Box 909, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Wolfgang ViechtbauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Emmy OttenheijmGGzE, Mental Health Institute Eindhoven, P.O. Box 909, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Thérèse van AmelsvoortDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Machteld MarcelisGGzE, Mental Health Institute Eindhoven, P.O. Box 909, 5600AX, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prospective momentary psychological and biological measures of real-time daily life stress experiences have been examined in several psychiatric disorders, but not in adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current electronic self-monitoring study examined associations between momentary daily life stressors and (i) negative affect (NA; emotional stress reactivity) and (ii) cortisol levels (biological stress reactivity) in males and females with ASD (N = 50) and without ASD (N = 51). The Experience Sampling Method, including saliva sampling, was used to measure three types of daily life stress (activity-related, event-related, and social stress), NA, and cortisol. Multilevel regression analyses demonstrated significant interactions between group and stress (i.e., activity-related and event-related stress) in the model of NA, indicating stronger emotional stress reactivity in the ASD than in the control group. In the model of cortisol, none of the group × stress interactions were significant. Male/female sex had no moderating effect on either emotional or biological stress reactivity. In conclusion, adults with ASD showed a stronger emotional stress (but not cortisol) reactivity in response to unpleasant daily life events and activities. The findings highlight the feasibility of electronic self-monitoring in individuals with ASD, which may contribute to the development of more personalized stress-management approaches.

Indexed as

Stress, PhysiologicalAdolescentAdultAutism Spectrum DisorderCase-Control StudiesEmotionsFemaleHumansHydrocortisoneMaleMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisRegression AnalysisYoung AdultHydrocortisone

Identifiers

PMID34238944
PMCPMC8266874
OpenAlexW3179007597

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.