ArticleCell death discovery2021
Implication of human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes MEK/ERK-mediated metastatic invasiveness and doxorubicin resistance.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Expression and Co-Variation of HERV-Associated Transcripts, IL-17 Cytokines, and NFκB in Paired Colorectal Cancer Tissues.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Review
- ERVWE1 Impairs Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Promotes Neuronal Apoptosis via the miR-27b-3p/BNIP3 Axis in Schizophrenia.Viruses · 2026Article
- The double-positive cells in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Viviparity and beyond: captured endogenous retroviral envelope genes drive teleost physiological innovations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Implications of Heterotypic Cell Fusion in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- A study on the transcriptional characteristics of novel HERV gene in the blood of children with Kawasaki disease and its correlation with the disease.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- Human endogenous retrovirus W family envelope protein (ERVWE1) regulates macroautophagy activation and micromitophagy inhibition via NOXA1 in schizophrenia.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Human endogenous retroviruses in schizophrenia: clinical evidence, molecular mechanisms, and implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Putative Role in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Inflammation, and Senescence.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Ancestral retrovirus envelope protein ERVWE1 upregulates circ_0001810, a potential biomarker for schizophrenia, and induces neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction via activating AK2.Cell & bioscience · 2024Article
- Epigenetic regulation of HERVs: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.Genes & genomics · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake and implications for the design of cancer therapeutics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- SPG21, a potential oncogene targeted by miR-128-3p, amplifies HBx-induced carcinogenesis and chemoresistance via activation of TRPM7-mediated JNK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Ancient dormant virus remnant ERVW-1 drives ferroptosis via degradation of GPX4 and SLC3A2 in schizophrenia.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Review
- HervD Atlas: a curated knowledgebase of associations between human endogenous retroviruses and diseases.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs), originating from exogenous retroviral infections of germ cells millions of years ago, have the potential for human diseases. Syncytin-1, an envelope protein encoded by the HERV W family, participates in the contexts of schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and several types of cancers. Nevertheless, there is no report on the expression pattern and potential mechanism of Syncytin-1 in HCC. Here we found Syncytin-1 expression was up-regulated in HCC compared to adjacent non-tumorous tissues, especially in advanced HCC. Syncytin-1 was an independent risk factor to predict vascular invasion, metastasis, larger tumor size, and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Further analysis discovered that Syncytin-1 overexpression positively associated with HCC patients with serum HBsAg positive. Functional experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that Syncytin-1 enhanced cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumorigenicity in HCC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway was involved in HCC. Our clinical data indicated that the levels of phosphorylation MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 were increased in HCC comparing with adjacent non-tumorous tissues. It showed the linear correlation between Syncytin-1 expression and upregulated MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in HCC. Furthermore, Syncytin-1 activated MEK/ERK pathway in HCC cells. In-depth research showed that the inflammation-activated MEK/ERK pathway was essential in Syncytin-1 promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. Syncytin-1 suppressed doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via MEK/ERK cascade. In conclusion, Syncytin-1 promoted HCC progression and doxorubicin resistance via the inflammation-activated MEK/ERK pathway. Our findings revealed that Syncytin-1 was a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.