ArticleHarm reduction journal2021
Pharmacist attitudes and provision of harm reduction services in North Carolina: an exploratory study.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Fentanyl Test Strips: A National Cross-Sectional Survey Informed by the Health Belief Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Harm reduction and pharmacy practice: a scoping review of services for people who use drugs provided by pharmacy staff.BMJ open · 2026Article
- "Nobody's Going to Say No to a Dollar": Framing HIV Medication Diversion Through the Lens of Economies of Diversion.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Professionalism, professional identity and community pharmacy culture: The context of substance dependency through the lens of student and early career pharmacists.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Sterile syringe availability in Georgia pharmacies remained rare, despite policy change permitting sales.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Differences in Religious Commitment and Harm Reduction Attitudes Among US Medical Students by Sex Assigned at Birth: A Pilot Study.Journal of religion and health · 2025Article
- Practical naloxone communication tips for pharmacists: Lessons learned from the Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2025Article
- Pharmacy-related syringe access barriers: an audit of Oregon community pharmacies.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Co-development of a community pharmacy training regarding fentanyl and xylazine test strips.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Medicine and Pharmacy Students' Role in Decreasing Substance Use Disorder Stigma: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Community pharmacists' attitudes toward and practice of pharmacy-based harm reduction services in Pittsburgh, PA: a descriptive survey.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Policies, adaptations, and ongoing challenges to naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringe access across four-states: Findings from an environmental scan and key informant interviews.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Empowering Pharmacists: Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Crisis through a Public Health Lens.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Community overdose surveillance: Fentanyl involvement in overdose deaths in rural Michigan.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- North Carolina pharmacists' willingness to sell fentanyl test strips: a survey study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medication Therapy Management: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Buprenorphine and naloxone access in pharmacies within high overdose areas of Los Angeles during the COVID-19 pandemic.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare providers in the United States and uniquely positioned to provide harm reduction services. The availability of pharmacy-based harm reduction services and pharmacist attitudes toward delivering these services have been understudied to date. We examine North Carolina (NC) pharmacists' experiences with and attitudes about harm reduction services and explore differences between rural and urban pharmacists.
methodsA convenience sample of NC pharmacists participated in an anonymous, online survey regarding harm reduction services: non-prescription syringe sales; naloxone dispensing; and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening. Urban-rural differences were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Open-ended responses were analyzed thematically.
resultsThree hundred pharmacists responded to the survey; 68 (23%) practiced in rural counties. Dispensing non-prescription syringes and naloxone at least occasionally was reported by 77% (n = 231) and 88% (n = 263) pharmacists, respectively. Pharmacy-delivered HIV or HCV screening was rare. Urban pharmacists dispensed naloxone more frequently than rural pharmacies (p = 0.04). Only 52% of pharmacists agreed that persons who inject drugs should always be allowed to buy non-prescription syringes. Rural pharmacists' attitudes toward harm reduction services for persons who inject drugs were statistically, though marginally, less supportive when compared to urban pharmacists' attitudes. The most common barrier to non-prescription syringe access was requiring patients to provide proof of prescription injection medication use, which 21% of pharmacists reported was required by their pharmacy's policy on non-prescription syringe sales.
conclusionsAlthough most pharmacies distributed naloxone and sold non-prescription syringes, pharmacy store policies and personal beliefs inhibited naloxone and non-prescription syringe dispensing. NC community pharmacies infrequently offer HIV and HCV screening. Paired with disseminating the evidence of the positive impact of harm reduction on individual and public health outcomes to NC pharmacists, institutional and systems changes to practice and policy may be important to promote harm reduction service availability, particularly for rural NC residents.
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