Observational studyClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2021
Associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I with intake of dietary proteins and other macronutrients.
Observational study in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise-induced modulation of IGF-1 in healthy, obese, and cancer populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Protein intake and cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vegetarian diets and cancer risk: pooled analysis of 1.8 million women and men in nine prospective studies on three continents.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- The Chronobiology of Hormone Administration: "Doctor, What Time Should I Take My Medication?"Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Association between non-skimmed milk consumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in US adults: insights from NHANES data.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Growth hormone signaling and clinical implications: from molecular to therapeutic perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Impact of dietary patterns on body weight in girls with central precocious puberty treated with leuprolide during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Higher insoluble fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: results from the PLCO cohort.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Review
- Associations of intakes of total protein, protein from dairy sources, and dietary calcium with risks of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer: a prospective analysis in UK Biobank.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Protein and amino acid intakes in relation to prostate cancer risk and mortality-A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Effect of imbalance in dietary macronutrients on blood hemoglobin levels: a cross-sectional study in young underweight Japanese women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Energy-Dense Diet: What Is the Role of the Insulin/IGF Axis?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsCirculating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with the risk of several cancers. Dietary protein intake, particularly dairy protein, may increase circulating IGF-I; however, associations with different protein sources, other macronutrients, and fibre are inconclusive. To investigate the associations between intake of protein, macronutrients and their sources, fibre, and alcohol with serum IGF-I concentrations.
methodsA total of 11,815 participants from UK Biobank who completed ≥4 24-h dietary assessments and had serum IGF-I concentrations measured at baseline were included. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the cross-sectional associations of macronutrient and fibre intake with circulating IGF-I concentrations.
resultsCirculating IGF-I concentrations were positively associated with intake of total protein (per 2.5% higher energy intake: 0.56 nmol/L (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.66)), milk protein: 1.20 nmol/L (0.90, 1.51), and yogurt protein: 1.33 nmol/L (0.79, 1.86), but not with cheese protein: -0.07 nmol/L (-0.40, 0.25). IGF-I concentrations were also positively associated with intake of fibre (per 5 g/day higher intake: 0.46 nmol/L (0.35, 0.57)) and starch from wholegrains (Q5 vs. Q1: 1.08 nmol/L (0.77, 1.39)), and inversely associated with alcohol consumption (>40 g/day vs <1 g/day: -1.36 nmol/L (-1.00, -1.71)).
conclusionsThese results show differing associations with IGF-I concentrations depending on the source of dairy protein, with positive associations with milk and yogurt protein intake but no association with cheese protein. The positive association of fibre and starch from wholegrains with IGF-I warrants further investigation.
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