ArticleAddictive behaviors2021
Associations between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, pain, and alcohol use disorder among OEF/OIF/OND veterans.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evidence Map of the Women Veterans' Health Literature, 2016 to 2023: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Daily Associations Between Perceived Stress, Pain Intensity, and Alcohol Use Among Veterans With and Without Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Pain.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Mental and Physical Health-Related Quality of Life Following Military Polytrauma.Military medicine · 2024Article
- Pain in alcohol use disorder: Evaluating effects of childhood trauma, perceived stress, and psychological comorbidity.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Pain and Perceived Stress Among Veterans: Depressive Disorder as a Predisposing Factor.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Pain Trajectories among U.S. Veterans During COVID-19.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- Molecular Toxicology and Pathophysiology of Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is prevalent among Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans. Pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid and increase risk of AUD. Prior studies linking pain or PTSD to AUD have not explored interactions between pain and PTSD symptoms.
methodsOEF/OIF/OND veterans (N = 1230) were recruited from social media websites for a cross-sectional study of health behavior. Pain was assessed using the Pain Outcomes Questionnaire. PTSD symptoms and PTSD symptom clusters were assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5. AUD symptoms were assessed with the AUD Identification Test. Linear regression models were used to test for main and interaction effects in the full sample and separately by sex.
resultsBoth pain and PTSD symptoms were associated with increased AUD symptomology, though the relationship between pain and AUD was heighted at relatively low PTSD symptoms. With respect to PTSD symptom clusters, re-experiencing and negative cognitions and mood were associated with increased AUD symptomology. Interactions between pain and re-experiencing as well as pain and avoidance were revealed. Results for men mirrored the full sample, while an interaction between pain and negative cognitions and mood was associated with AUD in women.
conclusionsResults highlight associations between AUD, PTSD symptoms, and pain among veterans. While the relationship between pain and AUD appeared stronger in the context of low PTSD symptoms, both pain and PTSD symptoms were associated with increased AUD. Clinicians treating veterans with AUD should address the range of potential comorbidities.
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Registered trials
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