ArticlePloS one2021
Sex- and age-specific reference intervals for diagnostic ratios reflecting relative activity of steroidogenic enzymes and pathways in adults.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Steroid dynamics in myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study using ultra performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Steroidomics via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): A Comprehensive Analytical Approach for the Detection of Inborn Errors of Metabolism.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Endometriosis Treatment with Progestogen: A Metabolic Understanding.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prior to versus after Metformin Treatment-Effects on Steroid Enzymatic Activities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDiagnostic ratios calculated from urinary steroid hormone metabolites are used as a measure for the relative activity of steroidogenic enzymes or pathways in the clinical investigation of steroid metabolism disorders. However, population-based sex- and age-specific reference intervals and day-night differences in adults are lacking.
methodsSixty-five diagnostic ratios were calculated from steroid metabolites measured by GC-MS in day- and night-time and in 24-hour urine from 1128 adults recruited within the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH), a population-based, multicenter cohort study. Differences related to sex, age and day- and night-time were evaluated and reference curves in function of age and sex were modelled by multivariable linear mixed regression for diagnostic ratios and were compared to values from the literature.
resultsMost ratios had sex- and age-specific relationships. For each ratio, percentiles were plotted in function of age and sex in order to create reference curves and sex- and age-specific reference intervals derived from 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were obtained. Most ratios reflected a higher enzyme activity during the day compared to the night.
conclusionsSex- and age-specific references for 24 hours, day and night urine steroid metabolite ratios may help distinguishing between health and disease when investigating human disorders affecting steroid synthesis and metabolism. The day-night differences observed for most of the diagnostic ratios suggest a circadian rhythm for enzymes involved in human steroid hormones metabolism.
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