ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2022
Production losses due to mortality associated with modifiable health risk factors in Poland.
Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Excess life-years and productive life-years lost in Poland through the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic years.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Beyond death counts: how COVID-19 affected excess mortality and productive life-years lost across 28 European states, 2020-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Economic costs attributable to modifiable risk factors: an analysis of 24 million urban residents in China.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Productivity losses from short-term work absence due to neoplasms in Poland.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The societal cost of modifiable risk factors in Singapore.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological burden of modifiable mortality risk factors is recognized in literature; however, less is known on the economic losses due to a range of such risks.
aimTo estimate production losses (indirect cost) of mortality associated with risk factors as classified in Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study in Poland in years 2000, 2010, and 2017.
methodsWe relied on the human capital method and societal perspective and used sex-, age-, region-, and risk-specific data on mortality due to modifiable risk factors and a set of socio-economic measures.
resultsThe production losses due to mortality attributable to all investigated risk factors accounted for 19.6-21.0 billion PLN (Polish zloty; 2017 exchange rate: 1€ = 4.26 PLN) and 1.44-2.45% of gross domestic product, depending on year. Behavioural factors were the most important contributor to overall burden (16.7-18.2 billion PLN), followed by metabolic factors (6.8-7.6 billion PLN) and environmental and occupational factors (3.0-3.5 billion PLN). Of disaggregated risks, alcohol and tobacco, high systolic blood pressure, and dietary risks proved to lead to the highest losses. Cost per death was greatest for child and maternal malnutrition, followed by intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse and bullying. Moreover, a notable regional variation of indirect cost was identified with losses ranging from 1.21 to 1.81% of regional gross domestic product in 2017.
conclusionOur findings provide economically hierarchised list of modifiable risk factors and they contribute to inform policy-makers in prioritizing programmes to improve health.
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Registered trials
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