ReviewCirculation2021
Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Review in Circulation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 152 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among LGBTQ+ Populations: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence.Nursing open · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping the cardiovascular burden in transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Endocrine Management of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Expert Opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN Main Thematic Group on Sexual Development and Maturation.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Relationship between Food Habits, Nutritional Status, and Hormone Therapy among Transgender Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Sex- and Gender-Based Reporting in Antihypertensive Medication Literature Informing Hypertension Guidelines.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gender diversity and cholesterol in early adolescence: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Gender reassignment and neurosurgical implications: a narrative review.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Inclusive cardiovascular care for sexual and gender minority populations.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Article
- Transgender Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Future Directions for Research.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing differences in epigenetic aging markers between sexual or gender minority and straight cisgender adults using the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Takotsubo Syndrome: Converging Mechanisms, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and a Unified Clinical Algorithm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Health Across Gender Identities: Life's Essential 8 in the PRIDE Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Sex-Specific Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Sex differences in acute chest pain care in a multisite U.S. emergency department cohort.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Place-based disorder, social cohesion, and physical and mental health outcomes of LGBTQIA+ adults in the United States.AJE advances : research in epidemiology · 2026Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is growing evidence that people who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD) are impacted by disparities across a variety of cardiovascular risk factors compared with their peers who are cisgender. Prior literature has characterized disparities in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as a result of a higher prevalence of health risk behaviors. Mounting research has revealed that cardiovascular risk factors at the individual level likely do not fully account for increased risk in cardiovascular health disparities among people who are TGD. Excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is hypothesized to be driven in part by psychosocial stressors across the lifespan at multiple levels, including structural violence (eg, discrimination, affordable housing, access to health care). This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the existing literature on the cardiovascular health of people who are TGD. When applicable, the effects of gender-affirming hormone use on individual cardiovascular risk factors are also reviewed. Informed by a conceptual model building on minority stress theory, this statement identifies research gaps and provides suggestions for improving cardiovascular research and clinical care for people who are TGD, including the role of resilience-promoting factors. Advancing the cardiovascular health of people who are TGD requires a multifaceted approach that integrates best practices into research, health promotion, and cardiovascular care for this understudied population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.