ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2021
Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort).
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- How past transient viremia shape natural killer cells' antibody-dependent functions in youth with perinatal HIV.iScience · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells in pediatric HIV cure strategies: from viral control to immunotherapeutics.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Current perspectives and emerging directions in research and practice: highlights from the 15th Annual International Workshop on Aging and HIV.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Distinct viral reservoirs and immune signatures in individuals on long-term antiretroviral therapy with perinatally acquired HIV-1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Immune signatures and biomarkers of viral control in early-treated children with HIV: insights informing intervention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Distinct immune profiles in children living with HIV based on timing and duration of suppressive antiretroviral treatment.Virology · 2025Article
- Viral and immune predictors of HIV posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Article
- Analytical treatment interruption in children living with HIV: position statement from the EPIICAL consortium.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- Low unspliced cell-associated HIV RNA in early treated adolescents living with HIV on long suppressive ART.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effective early antiretroviral therapy in perinatal-HIV infection reduces subsequent plasma inflammatory profile.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical, Virological and Immunological Subphenotypes in a Cohort of Early Treated HIV-Infected Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Size of HIV-1 reservoir is associated with telomere shortening and immunosenescence in early-treated European children with perinatally acquired HIV-1.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHIV infection causes pathological changes in the natural killer (NK) cell compartment that can be only partially restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated NK cells phenotype and function in children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and long-term viral control (five years) due to effective ART in a multicentre cross-sectional European study (CARMA, EPIICAL consortium). The impact of age at ART start and viral reservoir was also evaluated.
methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 PHIV who started ART within two years of life (early treated patients (ET), ≤6 months; late treated patients (LT), > 6 months), with at least five years of HIV-1 suppression (<40 HIV copies/mL), were collected between November 2017 and August 2018. NK phenotype and function were analysed by flow cytometry and transcriptional profile of PBMCs by RNA-Seq. HIV-1 DNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Data were analysed by Spearman correlation plots and multivariable Poisson regression model (adjusted for baseline %CD4 and RNA HIV viral load and for age at ART start as an interaction term, either ET or LT) to explore the association between NK cell parameters and HIV reservoir modulated by age at ART start.
resultsA significantly higher frequency of CD56
conclusionsWe show that early initiation of ART during infancy preserves the NK compartment and is associated with lower HIV-1 reservoir. Such condition persists over adolescence due to long-term viral control achieved through effective ART.
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