Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34235722›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of school health2021

US School-Based Physical Fitness Assessments and Data Dissemination.

Patrick Krochmal, Dan M Cooper, Shlomit Radom-Aizik, Kim D Lu

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of school health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Observational
  10. Tracking the health of Puerto Rican youth through their physical activity, fitness, nutrition and self-efficacy.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Patrick KrochmalMD Candidate, (krochmp@amc.edu), Albany Medical College, 174 Siesta Avenue, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360.
Dan M CooperAssociate Vice Chancellor for Clinical and Translational Science, (dcooper@hs.uci.edu), Principal Investigator, UC Irvine CTSA; Professor of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine; Chair, University of California BRAID (Biomedical Research Acceleration, Integration, and Development), 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617.
Shlomit Radom-AizikExecutive Director, (saizik@hs.uci.edu) Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617.
Kim D LuAssistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, (kdlu@hs.uci.edu), University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, 101 Academy Way, Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617.ORCID 0000-0003-2507-6370
University of California, Irvine · USAmgen (United States) · US

Funding

Transforming Exercise Testing and Physical Activity Assessment in Children: New Approaches to Advance Clinical Translational Research in Child HealthU01TR002004 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, RADOM-AIZIK, SHLOMIT · 2018 to 2022
$6.5M
Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR001416 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI CAIOZZO, VINCENT JAMES, DEMETRIOU, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2023
$5.6M
NCATS NIH HHS TR0001416NCATS NIH HHS TR002004NCATS NIH HHS U01 TR002004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow physical fitness (PF) levels during childhood affect healthy growth and development, and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Physical education standards exist for nearly all states in the United States, but evaluation of PF in youth has yet to be systematic, reproducible, and harmonized. The purpose of this project was to describe publicly available data of school-based PF testing (SB-PFT).

methodsA list of state-mandated SB-PFT programs published by SHAPE 2016 was confirmed by contacting appropriate authorities. SB-PFT data were obtained through each state's department of education.

resultsSixteen states mandate SB-PFT, with 10 states providing publicly available data; 92% to 100% of states perform the pacer/mile, curl-up, and push-up; 54.2% to 78.5% of elementary and 44% to 66.5% of high-school youth are in the "healthy fitness zone" for aerobic capacity.

conclusionsSB-PFT provided PF data in children across the United States. The variability and inconsistency in reporting and in the values, however, raises questions about the current status of SB-PFT data and its utility in assessing PF in children. The critical nature of PF assessments is highlighted in the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which physical education has been curtailed, and emerging data demonstrate worsening of the already low levels of PF in youth.

Indexed as

Physical Education and TrainingPhysical FitnessAdolescentChildCOVID-19Exercise TestHumansPandemicsSchoolsUnited Statesfitness testingphysical fitnessschool-aged children

Identifiers

PMID34235722
PMCPMC9291210
OpenAlexW3179656478

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.