ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Induces Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Production of the Immunosuppressive Protein Galectin-9 in Human Cancer Cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- HMGB1 Post-Translational Modifications in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Evidence, Emerging Mechanistic Concepts, and Unresolved Questions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of the HMGB1 C-Terminal Domain in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion in 2D and 3D MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis inhibits biological behaviors of glioma cells by downregulating Galectin-9 transcriptional level via extracellular Acetyl-HMGB1.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel perspectives on extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: immunogenicity, inflammation, and immune surveillance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Role of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of myocardial infarction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting oncogenic acetyltransferase NAT10 to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: synergistic mechanisms of antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Acetyltransferase NAT10 inhibits T-cell immunity and promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through DDX5/HMGB1 axis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Mechanism of action of HMGB1 in urologic malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Osteogenesis imperfecta type 10 and the cellular scaffolds underlying common immunological diseases.Genes and immunity · 2024Review
- Effects of HMGB1/TLR4 on secretion IL-10 and VEGF in human jaw bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Article
- Propolis-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers halt breast cancer progression through miRNA-223 related pathways: an in-vitro/in-vivo experiment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Chimera and Tandem-Repeat Type Galectins: The New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Dialog beyond the Grave: Necrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Contribution to Tumor Growth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- L-Kynurenine participates in cancer immune evasion by downregulating hypoxic signaling in T lymphocytes.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Z-DNA enhances immunotherapy by triggering death of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- A microsatellite DNA-derived oligodeoxynucleotide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Expression of the Immune Checkpoint Protein VISTA Is Differentially Regulated by the TGF-β1 - Smad3 Signaling Pathway in Rapidly Proliferating Human Cells and T Lymphocytes.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone protein which is predominantly localised in the cell nucleus. However, stressed, dying, injured or dead cells can release this protein into the extracellular matrix passively. In addition, HMGB1 release was observed in cancer and immune cells where this process can be triggered by various endogenous as well as exogenous stimuli. Importantly, released HMGB1 acts as a so-called "danger signal" and could impact on the ability of cancer cells to escape host immune surveillance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional role of HMGB1 in determining the capability of human cancer cells to evade immune attack remain unclear. Here we report that the involvement of HMGB1 in anti-cancer immune evasion is determined by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, which recognises HMGB1 as a ligand. We found that HGMB1 induces TLR4-mediated production of transforming growth factor beta type 1 (TGF-β), displaying autocrine/paracrine activities. TGF-β induces production of the immunosuppressive protein galectin-9 in cancer cells. In TLR4-positive cancer cells, HMGB1 triggers the formation of an autocrine loop which induces galectin-9 expression. In malignant cells lacking TLR4, the same effect could be triggered by HMGB1 indirectly through TLR4-expressing myeloid cells present in the tumour microenvironment (e. g. tumour-associated macrophages).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.