ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2021
Association of Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals with Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in Northwest China.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between interpregnancy intervals and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Birth spacing and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Pooled it
- Birth intervals and the risk of perinatal mortality in Indonesia: findings from a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The optimal childbearing age and birth spacing in china: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effects of different timing nutritional support on the growth and development < 2 kg newborns and mothers' anxiety and depression.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence of short inter-birth intervals and associated factors among women of reproductive age: evidence from a nationally representative survey in Tanzania.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Association between interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes according to maternal age in the context of China's two-child policy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Short interbirth interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a Bayesian network approach.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Interpregnancy Interval After Healthy Live Birth and Subsequent Spontaneous Abortion.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Article
- Interactions between long interpregnancy interval and advanced maternal age on neonatal outcomes.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Article
- Association of Interpregnancy Interval With Adverse Birth Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze the effects of a short interpregnancy interval (IPI) (<6 months) and a long IPI (>120 months) on neonatal adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth (PTB), and birth defects in Shaanxi Province. PATIENTS AND
methodsA stratified multistage random sampling method was used to recruit participants who gave birth between 2010 and 2013 in Shaanxi province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of the participants. With the confounding factors controlled, the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to investigate the association between IPI and neonatal birth outcomes. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) function was used to evaluate the dose-response relationship between IPI and birth outcomes.
resultsA total of 13,231 women were included. The prevalence of LBW, SGA, PTB, and birth defects was 3.24%, 12.96%, 2.93%, and 2.12%, respectively. GLM showed that a short IPI (<6 months) was associated with a higher risk of SGA (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52) and birth defects (RR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.45-4.47), and a long IPI (≥120 months) was associated with a higher risk of LBW (RR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.34) and PTB (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.08-2.76) than an IPI of 18-23 months. The RCS showed that LBW, SGA, and PTB demonstrated a j-shaped relationship with IPI (P for overall association < 0.001 for these three birth outcomes), and birth defects (P for overall association <0.001) had an inversely non-linear relationship with IPI.
conclusionBoth short and long IPIs are associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.