Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34234408›Full record

ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021

The Impact of Inherited Retinal Diseases in the United States of America (US) and Canada from a Cost-of-Illness Perspective.

Jennifer Gong, Simone Cheung, Alivia Fasso-Opie, Orla Galvin, Larissa S Moniz, Doug Earle, Todd Durham, Jason Menzo, Nan Li, Stephanie Duffy and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Artificial intelligence applications in inherited retinal dystrophies.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jennifer GongHealth Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Simone CheungHealth Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Alivia Fasso-OpieHealth Economics and Social Policy, Deloitte Access Economics, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Orla GalvinRetina International, Dublin, D08 R9CN, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-6709-3884
Larissa S MonizFighting Blindness Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Doug EarleFighting Blindness Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Todd DurhamThe Foundation Fighting Blindness, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Jason MenzoThe Foundation Fighting Blindness, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Nan LiThe Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Raritan, New Jersey, USA.
Stephanie DuffyThe Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Raritan, New Jersey, USA.
Jill DolginApplied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Mark S ShearmanApplied Genetic Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Chiara FioraniNovartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Judit BanhaziNovartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
Avril DalyRetina International, Dublin, D08 R9CN, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo estimate the annual cost of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) in the United States of America (US) and Canada from a societal perspective - including costs to the health system, individual and family productivity costs, lost wellbeing and other societal economic costs - by setting and payer. Findings will inform the need for policy action to mitigate the impact of IRDs.

methodsThe costs of IRDs were estimated using a cost-of-illness methodology, based on the prevalence of IRDs in each country. Intangible costs of reduced wellbeing were also estimated using disability-adjusted life years which were then converted to monetary values using the value of a statistical life.

resultsUsing base prevalence rates, total costs attributable to IRDs in the US were estimated to range between US$13,414.0 and US$31,797.4 million in 2019, comprising both economic costs (between US$4,982 and US$11,753.9 million; 37% of total costs) and wellbeing costs (between US$8,431.7 and US$20,043.6 million; 63%). Total costs attributable to IRDs in Canada were estimated to range between CAN$1637.8 and CAN$6687.5 million in 2019, comprising both economic costs (between CAN$566.6 and CAN$2,305.7 million; 34%) and wellbeing costs (between CAN$1,071.4 and CAN$4,381.9 million; 66% of total costs).

conclusionThe impact of IRDs in the US and Canada is substantial when considering both economic costs and reduced wellbeing. The wellbeing costs due to IRDs in the US and Canada are considerable, accounting for over 60% of total costs. Vision loss from IRDs often manifests in childhood, meaning some people live with vision impairment and blindness for their whole lives. Further research into current and emerging cost-effective therapies and interventions is required given the substantial economic burden faced by those living with vision loss.

Indexed as

cost-of-illnessgenetic diagnosisinherited retinal disease

Identifiers

PMID34234408
PMCPMC8257071

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.