ArticlePloS one2021
In-vivo impact of common cosmetic preservative systems in full formulation on the skin microbiome.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- A review of skin microbiome and new challenges to cosmetic microbiome-friendly formulations.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Review
- Cosmetic Interventions for Skin Microbiome Modulation: Current Strategies and Future Directions.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026Review
- The human skin microbiome remains unchanged after 24 h of sunscreen application.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- The Skin Microbiome and Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms of Modulation, Dysbiosis, and Dermatological Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessing the safety of microbiome perturbations.Microbial genomics · 2025Review
- Influence of Cosmetic Skincare Products with pH < 5 on the Skin Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Evaluation.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Regulatory Standard for Determining Preoperative Skin Preparation Efficacy Underreports True Dermal Bioburden in a Porcine Model.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The dynamic relationship between skin microbiomes and personal care products: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Skin Deep: The Potential of Microbiome Cosmetics.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- A Catastrophic Biodiversity Loss in the Environment Is Being Replicated on the Skin Microbiome: Is This a Major Contributor to the Chronic Disease Epidemic?Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Compositional Variations between Adult and Infant Skin Microbiome: An Update.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- [Impact of preservatives in topicals on the cutaneous microbiota].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Advances in Microbiome-Derived Solutions and Methodologies Are Founding a New Era in Skin Health and Care.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Being friendly to the skin microbiome: Experimental assessment.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preservatives play an essentially role in ensuring that cosmetic formulations remain safe for use via control of microbial contamination. Commonly used preservatives include organic acids, alcohols and phenols and these play an essential role in controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and moulds in substrates that can potentially act as a rich food source for microbial contaminants. Whilst the activity of these compounds is clear, both in vitro and in formulation, little information exists on the potential impact that common preservative systems, in full formulation, have on the skin's resident microbiome. Dysbiosis of the skin's microbiome has been associated with a number of cosmetic conditions but there currently are no in vivo studies investigating the potential for preservative ingredients, when included in personal care formulations under normal use conditions, to impact the cutaneous microbiome. Here we present an analysis of four in vivo studies that examine the impact of different preservation systems in full formulation, in different products formats, with varying durations of application. This work demonstrates that despite the antimicrobial efficacy of the preservatives in vitro, the skin microbiome is not impacted by preservative containing products in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.