ArticleScientific reports2021
Scientists have favorable opinions on immunity certificates but raise concerns regarding fairness and inequality.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A scoping review of vaccine certificate implementation in Canada and OECD countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Outcomes and lessons learned.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The media morphosis of science communication during crises.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 passes and mandates on disease transmission, vaccination intention, and uptake: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Individual Factors Influencing the Public's Perceptions About the Importance of COVID-19 Immunity Certificates in the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional Web-based Questionnaire Survey.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Seasonal Variation Analysis for Weekly Cases, Deaths, and Hospitalizations of COVID-19 in the United States.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Public views on the Covid-19 immunity certificate: A scoping review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- Public Perceptions of Harms and Benefit of COVID-19 Immunity Certificate: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Italian Setting.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Vaccine uptake and constrained decision making: The case of Covid-19.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Does the EU COVID Digital Certificate Strike a Reasonable Balance between Mobility Needs and Public Health?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Passport to a Mighty Nation: Exploring Sociocultural Foundation of Chinese Public's Attitude to COVID-19 Vaccine Certificates.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Scientists have favorable opinions on immunity certificates but raise concerns regarding fairness and inequality.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Easing Restrictions During Vaccine Scarcity. How Mitigation Measures Help Tackling Associated Moral and Behavioral Challenges.Public health reviews · 2021Article
- Trust in Science, Perceived Media Exaggeration About COVID-19, and Social Distancing Behavior.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Acceptability of COVID-19 Certificates: A Qualitative Study in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2020.Frontiers in public healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, we collected over 12,000 responses from a survey of scientists, who were asked to express their opinions on immunity certificates (also called "immunity passports") as a potential instrument to lessen the impact of the crisis. Overall, we find that scientists perceive immunity certificates as favorable for public health (50.2%) and the state of the economy (54.4%) while one-fifth (19.1%) and one-sixth (15.4%) disagree. Scientists stipulate some concerns about fairness (36.5%) and inequality (22.4%) arising from implementation of immunity certification. We find some smaller differences among scientific fields, particularly between health scientists and social scientists, with the latter being slightly more positive about the effect of immunity certification. Scholars in the United States, including health scientists, are more likely to view the immunity certificates favorably and mention fewer concerns about this policy's effect on fairness and inequality. Female scholars are significantly less in favor of immunity certificates, while scientists with more conservative political views hold more favorable opinions. Our results reveal that given the uncertainties during an early phase of a pandemic, scientists see scope for immunity certification to lessen the general societal impacts of the crisis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.