ReviewRespiratory research2021
Global incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Review in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 366 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
366 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Molecular Systems Architecture of Fibrotic Lung Microenvironment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and mendelian randomization analyses.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Comorbidities in clinical cohorts of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Updated Evidence on Costs and Resource Use.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnosis accuracy of machine learning for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Baseline total lung capacity and all-cause mortality in restrictive pulmonary disorders: a meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life and health state utility value in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Emodin for pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Lack of diversity in antifibrotic trials for pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics and Gastrointestinal Tolerability of Bersiporocin, a Novel Oral Prolyl-tRNA-Synthetase Inhibitor.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Antidepressant intervention to possibly delay disease progression and frailty in elderly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: a clinical trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Trial
- Bexotegrast Shows Dose-Dependent Integrin αAnnals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Trial
- A small-molecule TNIK inhibitor targets fibrosis in preclinical and clinical models.Nature biotechnology · 2025Trial
- Fibronectin's tensional state as a mechanical signature of fibrotic extracellular matrix in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis models.Matrix biology plus · 2026Article
- Evaluating prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index, CRP-to-albumin ratio and lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Cellular Senescence Dysregulates Antiviral Interferon Responses in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Nationwide Incidence and Prevalence of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in South Korea.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Postoperative acute exacerbations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing lung cancer surgery.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2026Article
306 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive debilitating lung disease with considerable morbidity. Heterogeneity in epidemiologic studies means the full impact of the disease is unclear.
methodsA targeted literature search for population-based, observational studies reporting incidence and/or prevalence of IPF from January 2009 to April 2020 was conducted. Identified studies were aggregated by country. For countries with multiple publications, a weighted average was determined. Incidence and prevalence data were adjusted for between-study differences where possible. The final model included adjusted estimates of incidence and prevalence per 10,000 of the population with 95% confidence intervals. As prevalence estimates vary depending on the definitions used, estimates were based on a specific case definition of IPF.
resultsOverall, 22 studies covering 12 countries met the inclusion criteria, with 15 reporting incidence and 18 reporting prevalence estimates. The adjusted incidence estimates (per 10,000 of the population) ranged from 0.35 to 1.30 in Asia-Pacific countries, 0.09 to 0.49 in Europe, and 0.75 to 0.93 in North America. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence estimates were consistent. The adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 0.57 to 4.51 in Asia-Pacific countries, 0.33 to 2.51 in Europe, and 2.40 to 2.98 in North America. South Korea had the highest incidence and prevalence estimates. When prevalence estimates were compared to country-specific rare disease thresholds, IPF met the definition of a rare disease in all countries except South Korea. There were notable geographic gaps for IPF epidemiologic data.
conclusionsDue to differences in study methodologies, there is worldwide variability in the reported incidence and prevalence of IPF. Based on the countries included in our analysis, we estimated the adjusted incidence and prevalence of IPF to be in the range of 0.09-1.30 and 0.33-4.51 per 10,000 persons, respectively. According to these prevalence estimates, IPF remains a rare disease. For consistency, future epidemiologic studies of IPF should take age, sex, smoking status, and the specificity of case definitions into consideration.
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Registered trials
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